Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which statement accurately reflects the essence of virtue ethics as proposed by Aristotle?
Which statement accurately reflects the essence of virtue ethics as proposed by Aristotle?
- Moral actions are solely determined by adherence to a strict set of rules regardless of context.
- The consequences of an action are the ultimate measure of its ethical value.
- Ethical behavior arises from cultivating good character through consistent practice and habit. (correct)
- Moral understanding comes primarily from intellectual insight rather than practical experience.
How does the concept of 'Eudaimonia' relate to ethical living according to the philosophers mentioned?
How does the concept of 'Eudaimonia' relate to ethical living according to the philosophers mentioned?
- It signifies a life focused on accumulating wealth and power.
- It refers to a state of flourishing achieved through the practice of virtue and ethical behavior. (correct)
- It represents a life of strict adherence to religious doctrine.
- It describes a life dedicated to intellectual pursuits, separate from practical actions.
The concept of the 'Golden Mean,' as introduced by Aristotle, advocates for which approach to ethical decision-making?
The concept of the 'Golden Mean,' as introduced by Aristotle, advocates for which approach to ethical decision-making?
- Always deferring to the wisdom and guidance of authority figures.
- Prioritizing one's own interests and well-being above all else.
- Seeking moderation in actions and emotions, avoiding extremes. (correct)
- Following the strictest rules and regulations, regardless of the situation.
In what way do moral standards differ from personal preferences, as suggested in the provided content?
In what way do moral standards differ from personal preferences, as suggested in the provided content?
Which of the following best describes how 'Utang na Loob' influences Filipino ethics?
Which of the following best describes how 'Utang na Loob' influences Filipino ethics?
What is the central challenge posed by cultural relativism when addressing harmful cultural practices?
What is the central challenge posed by cultural relativism when addressing harmful cultural practices?
How do the philosophical theories, family upbringing, religious beliefs, and personal experiences contribute to the development of moral standards?
How do the philosophical theories, family upbringing, religious beliefs, and personal experiences contribute to the development of moral standards?
In bioethics, what considerations are addressed through moral reasoning?
In bioethics, what considerations are addressed through moral reasoning?
What is the role of moral standards in society?
What is the role of moral standards in society?
Which attribute in moral standards emphasizes impartiality, regardless of background?
Which attribute in moral standards emphasizes impartiality, regardless of background?
Flashcards
What is Ethics?
What is Ethics?
The study of moral principles guiding human behavior, helping individuals distinguish right from wrong.
Characteristics of Moral Standards
Characteristics of Moral Standards
Moral standards apply universally, are objective, authoritative, internalized, and have sanctions.
Utilitarianism
Utilitarianism
Ethics based on outcomes; aims for the greatest good for the greatest number.
Deontology
Deontology
Signup and view all the flashcards
Virtue Ethics
Virtue Ethics
Signup and view all the flashcards
Moral Dilemma
Moral Dilemma
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cultural Relativism
Cultural Relativism
Signup and view all the flashcards
Tolerance and Open-mindedness
Tolerance and Open-mindedness
Signup and view all the flashcards
Dangers of Cultural Relativism
Dangers of Cultural Relativism
Signup and view all the flashcards
Law & Justice
Law & Justice
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
- Ethics governs human behavior, helping individuals distinguish between right and wrong.
Etymology of Ethics
- The word "ethics" comes from the Greek word 'ethos' (character/custom) and the Latin word 'mores' (customs/habits).
- Philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle explored ethical concepts.
Ethical Concepts
Ethics Based on Virtue and Knowledge
- Plato (427–347 BCE) believed knowledge is virtue and promoted self-examination.
- Socrates' method involved dialogue and questioning.
Ethics Based on Ideal Forms and Justice
- Socrates (469–399 BCE) introduced the Theory of Forms, believing in perfect, unchanging Forms.
- The components of the Tripartite Soul are Reason, Spirit, and Appetite.
- An ideal state reflects justice, mirroring justice in the soul.
Ethics Based on Virtue and Practical Reasoning
- Aristotle (384–322 BCE) advocated Virtue Ethics.
- Virtue Ethics involves developing good character through practice and habit.
- Finding "the golden mean" (moderation) is key.
- Eudaimonia is the state of flourishing
Moral Standards
- Moral standards are the ethical principles distinguishing right from wrong, influencing character, decisions, justice, fairness, and harmony.
Characteristics of Moral Standards
- Moral standards are universal and apply to individuals, objective, authoritative through moral philosophy, internalized, and violations can lead to sanctions.
Sources of Moral Standards in Ethics
- Philosophical Theories (Utilitarianism, Deontology, Virtue Ethics)
- Family and Upbringing
- Religious and Cultural Beliefs
- Education and Knowledge
- Laws and Professional Codes of Conduct
- Personal Experiences and Reflection
Ethical Theories and Moral Standards
- Utilitarianism focuses on consequences to achieve the greatest good for the greatest number.
- Deontology emphasizes ethics based on duties and rules.
- Virtue Ethics centers on ethics rooted in character and virtues.
Relativism vs. Absolutism
- Relativism suggests ethics vary by context.
- Absolutism asserts ethics are universal and unchanging.
Developing Strong Moral Standards
- Critical thinking, empathy, self-reflection, learning from role models, observing behavior, and following guidelines are all aspects of developing strong moral standards.
The Role of Moral Standards in Society
- The role of moral standards in society are promoting justice, strengthening relationships, enhancing trust and reducing conflicts.
Moral Reasoning
- Moral reasoning is how individuals discern right from wrong, establishing ethical principles.
Moral Dilemma
- A moral dilemma is a situation with conflicting principles, requiring careful reasoning for resolution.
Applications of Moral Reasoning
- Moral reasoning is used in law, medicine, business, technology, environment, and social/cultural issues.
The Way and Morality
- Filipino ethics are rooted in tradition, social norms, and history.
Core Filipino Values and Morality
- Pakikisama (Harmony/Acceptance)
- Utang na Loob (Gratitude)
- Bayanihan (Community)
- Damayan (Mutual Aid)
- Paggalang (Respect)
- Katapatan (Honesty)
- Hospitality
- Compassion (Malasakit)
- Religious Influence
Challenges to Filipino Morality
- include modern globalization, corruption, and balancing tradition.
Key Takeaways: Filipino Morality
- Shaped by culture, traditions, and beliefs; it values respect and community, but adapting to modern dilemmas poses challenges.
Cultural Relativism
- Cultural relativism asserts cultural practices, beliefs, and morals should be understood within their own cultural context, rather than by universal standards.
- This concept is a response to ethnocentrism.
Principles of Cultural Relativism
- Rejecting universal moral truths, acknowledging variation in ethics, and prioritizing understanding.
Benefits of Cultural Relativism
- Cultural relativism promotes respect, prevents bias, and encourages open-mindedness
Dangers of Cultural Relativism
- Cultural relativism justifies harmful practices, challenges rights, limits criticism, and conflicts with values.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
