Ethics: Virtue and Natural Law Theories

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Questions and Answers

What is the central focus of virtue theory according to Aristotle?

Following strict moral rules

Developing a strong character (correct)

Accumulating wealth and power

Achieving maximum pleasure

What does Aristotle believe is essential for human flourishing?

Obedience to rules

Wealth and social status

Eudaimonia (correct)

Intellectual achievements

Which concept describes the ideal of achieving balance in virtues according to Aristotle?

Plato's ideal forms

Natural law

Absolute virtue

Golden Mean (correct)

In virtue ethics, what is the significance of moral exemplars?

They provide a model of virtuous living. Signup and view all the answers

According to Aristotle, how do individuals achieve good actions?

Through the practice of becoming a good person Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of humanity does Aristotle emphasize when discussing proper functioning?

The rational and social nature of humans Signup and view all the answers

How does virtue theory relate to natural law theory?

Both theories emphasize following laws imparted by a higher power. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a virtuous person according to Aristotle?

They display confidence without arrogance. Signup and view all the answers

What does Aristotle's concept of the Golden Mean propose?

Virtue exists as a balance between excess and deficiency. Signup and view all the answers

How does virtue relate to eudaimonia in Aristotle's teachings?

Eudaimonia results from virtuous living and moral excellence. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of moral exemplars in virtue ethics?

Moral exemplars provide a model for virtuous behavior. Signup and view all the answers

According to Aquinas, what is the natural law?

The rational creature's participation in the eternal law of God. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes human beings from other creatures in the context of natural law?

Human beings are endowed with the power of reason. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes eudaimonia as understood in virtue ethics?

Eudaimonia is the ultimate goal of living virtuously. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Aquinas' teaching on natural law in relation to human law?

Natural law is a guiding foundation for creating human laws. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of human nature does Aristotle emphasize in relation to virtue?

Humans have intellectual capabilities that lead towards virtue. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in developing virtue according to Aristotle?

Emulating moral exemplars Signup and view all the answers

What concept describes the optimal point between excess and deficiency in moral behavior, according to Aristotle?

The Golden Mean Signup and view all the answers

How does Aristotle view the role of habituation in developing virtue?

It is crucial for ingraining virtues into character. Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the flourishing life that results from achieving personal goals and moral excellence?

Eudaimonia Signup and view all the answers

What does a eudaimonistic life entail?

Striving towards personal growth and development Signup and view all the answers

How does Aristotle define morality?

Being the best person possible through self-improvement Signup and view all the answers

What is a role of moral exemplars in the development of virtue?

They demonstrate what it means to act virtuously. Signup and view all the answers

Why might initially practicing virtue feel inauthentic?

One is simply imitating others instead of being genuine. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Virtue Theory

Focuses on character rather than rules
Aims for eudaimonia (flourishing)
Virtue is the midpoint between vices (excess and deficiency, the Golden Mean)
Courage is the midpoint between cowardice and recklessness
Generosity is the midpoint between stinginess and extravagance

Natural Law Theory

God's eternal law imprinted on rational creatures
Natural law is the rational creature's participation in eternal law
Humans have natural inclinations/tendencies that reveal God's plan for them
Key inclinations: self-preservation, procreation, knowledge, living in community
Human actions are good if they're in line with these natural inclinations; bad if not
This system is crucial for understanding how to live in a morally sound way

Moral Exemplars

People who demonstrate virtuous behavior can be used as models
Learning from those considered virtuous is crucial for personal growth and understanding.

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Description

Explore the fundamental principles of Virtue Theory and Natural Law Theory in this quiz. Understand how virtues are defined and the role of moral exemplars in ethical behavior. Test your knowledge on the significance of character in moral philosophy and the natural inclinations that guide human actions.