Ethics Unit 2: Flexibility vs Rigidity

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Questions and Answers

What does the Instrumental Relativist orientation emphasize regarding right behavior?

Seeking approval from authority figures

Adherence to societal norms without question

Universal ethical principles applicable to all

Individual belief in what is best for oneself (correct)

In which stage of Conventional Morality do individuals primarily seek approval from others?

Social Contract Orientation

Good Boy or Nice Girl Orientation (correct)

Universal Ethical Principle Orientation

Law and Order Orientation

What characterizes Stage 5 of Post-conventional Morality?

Total dependence on societal approval for moral decisions

Strict adherence to laws regardless of context

Awareness of rules serving the greater good and potential conflicts (correct)

Complete disregard for individual rights

Which of the following stages involves developing moral guidelines based on universal human rights?

Universal Ethical Principle Orientation Signup and view all the answers

How does moral development influence conscience according to Kohlberg's theory?

It facilitates the growth of conscience through individual interpretation Signup and view all the answers

What does moral relativism fundamentally believe regarding acts and moral judgments?

No act can be evaluated as good or bad objectively. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main foundation of moral acts according to the provided information?

Opportunities that can be chosen. Signup and view all the answers

Which process is responsible for infants and children learning the culture, including morality?

Enculturation Signup and view all the answers

What best describes cultural relativism?

A view that moral judgments depend on cultural acceptance. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best represents universal values?

Values that are generally shared by multiple cultures. Signup and view all the answers

What consequence may arise from too much autonomy in the workplace?

A sense of isolation. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of social learning processes?

Acquiring knowledge from other groups through interaction. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the rigidity of conforming to expected roles and protocols?

Lack of clarity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of ethics as a branch of philosophy?

To study the morality of human actions Signup and view all the answers

How do rules contribute to social order according to the content?

They help regulate behavior and guarantee rights Signup and view all the answers

Why is the study of ethics important for learners?

To foster an understanding of moral principles and their impact Signup and view all the answers

Which type of action is defined as good and permissible according to moral norms?

Moral Action Signup and view all the answers

What can be said about rules regarding freedom?

Rules are designed to enhance freedom by creating rights Signup and view all the answers

What does moral distinction involve?

Identifying between good, bad, and indifferent actions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes an immoral action?

An action that is bad and not permissible Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of a lack of ethical norms in society?

Disorder and chaos in social interactions Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Role Expectations and Freedom

Lack of clarity vs Lack of creativity: strict conformity to roles and protocols leads to rigidity.
Flexibility is essential; too much autonomy causes isolation while excessive interdependence results in unnecessary coordination.

Importance of Freedom

Freedom is foundational for moral actions and dilemmas.
Opportunities for choice create moral responsibilities and ethical dilemmas.

Culture Definitions

Culture encompasses knowledge, beliefs, values, and behaviors amassed by a group over generations.
Learning behaviors transmitted socially define cultural identity.

Social learning involves acquiring knowledge from group membership.
Enculturation, or socialization, is how children learn cultural norms and morality.

Cultural Relativism

Cultural relativism suggests ethical judgments are rooted in individual or cultural standards.
What is deemed "moral" is defined by societal approval; acts perceived as ethical in one culture can be viewed as immoral in another.

Moral Relativism

Asserts that no act is inherently good or bad, emphasizing subjective moral standards.
Recognizes the absence of universally applicable ethical standards.

Universal Values and Ethics

Universal values are those commonly shared across cultures.
Ethics examines morality, addressing the rightness or wrongness of actions.

Importance of Rules

Rules are vital for societal order, preventing disorder and chaos.
Aim to enhance rather than restrict freedom.

Benefits of Rules

Regulate behavior and protect individual rights.
Foster a sense of justice and are essential for a healthy economic system.

Ethics Education

Ethics sharpens students' moral awareness and understanding of moral principles.
Highlights the relationship between moral nature and societal laws.
Encourages rational and moral behavior leading to a higher moral or spiritual destiny.

Morality

Refers to personal or group's standards for right and wrong.
Evaluates human actions as good, bad, or indifferent.

Moral Distinctions

Moral Action: good and permissible actions aligned with moral norms.
Immoral Action: bad and disallowed actions.
Amoral Action: indifferent or neutral behavior.

Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development

Level 1: Instrumental Relativist Orientation focuses on self-interest.
Level 2: Conventional Morality emphasizes societal relationships.
- Stage 3: Good Boy/Nice Girl Orientation seeks approval from others.
- Stage 4: Law and Order Orientation becomes aware of broader societal rules.
Level 3: Post-Conventional Morality represents internalized moral standards.
- Stage 5: Social Contract Orientation recognizes when rules conflict with individual rights.
- Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principle Orientation involves personal moral guidelines based on universal rights.

Conscience Development

Moral development is linked to conscience formation during post-conventional stages of moral reasoning.
Conscience enables individuals to judge actions as good or evil based on practical reasoning.

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Description

Explore the nuances of flexibility and adherence to rules in the workplace in this quiz based on Unit 2. Understand how freedom and moral responsibility intersect with prescribed roles and the balance between autonomy and interdependence. Dive into the dilemmas that arise when choosing between structured expectations and creative freedom.