Ethics Principles and Dilemmas Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of ethics as a set of principles, based on the content?

  • Ethical principles are static and unchanging. (correct)
  • Ethics involves practical application and evolves over time.
  • Ethics can be viewed as a singular, universally correct set of principles.
  • Ethics can be viewed as multiple ethical systems.
  • According to the content, what are the three essential components for ethics in practice?

  • Cultural norms, societal expectations, and historical context.
  • Theoretical knowledge, philosophical debate, and legal enforcement.
  • Analysis, practical judgment, and virtuous character. (correct)
  • Personal beliefs, emotional intelligence, and intuitive decision-making.
  • Which of the following best describes the etymological origin of the word 'ethics'?

  • Derived from the Greek word 'ethos', referring to an individual's own principles.
  • Derived from the Greek word 'ethos', referring to character, nature or disposition. (correct)
  • Derived from the Latin word 'mores', referring to customs of a group.
  • Derived from the Latin word 'mores', referring to individual principles.
  • What distinguishes morals from ethics, based on their origins?

    <p>Ethics originate from Greek character, while morals stem from Latin customs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of an ethical dilemma, what is the primary struggle?

    <p>Navigating moral struggles and reflection to determine the right course of action. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is 'virtuous character' essential for ethics in practice?

    <p>It disposes individuals to adhere to the principles affirmed through analysis and practical judgment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the individualistic aspect of ethics best demonstrated?

    <p>By internalizing values as part of one's character and using norms in decision making. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example shows an ethical dilemma?

    <p>A journalist knowing whether to publish information. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'social' aspect of ethics primarily emphasize?

    <p>The application of fair interaction rules to all humans or group members. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is 'practical judgment' applied in ethics?

    <p>By applying ethical principles and rules to existing issues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example illustrates the experience of ethics as an external demand?

    <p>Adhering to a code of ethics enforced by social sanction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best definition of the 'analysis' that ethics in practice calls for?

    <p>Clearly stating and justifying moral principles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is implied by the 'wide scope' of ethics?

    <p>Ethics covers the conducts of individuals, groups, institutions, professions and countries. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean for ethics to be 'demanding'?

    <p>Ethics requires individuals in society to live in goodness and in right relation with each other. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the options is an example of ethical principles 'evolving'?

    <p>Practices changing because of new technology. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is implied when people forego personal benefits to carry our duties?

    <p>A prioritization of ethical considerations regardless of personal cost. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus when ethical dilemmas involve a conflict between two "right" moral obligations?

    <p>Applying a balancing approach to competing rights, recognizing the absence of a definitively 'correct' answer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of ethics is concerned with the meaning of abstract terms like honesty, truth, and justice?

    <p>Metaethics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of normative ethics?

    <p>Developing general theories, rules, and principles of moral conduct. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of applied ethics?

    <p>It utilizes insights from metaethics and normative ethics to address specific ethical issues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the definition of media ethics?

    <p>The analysis and application of ethical principles relevant to media practice. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a central concern of media ethics?

    <p>Advancing free and independent media while stressing responsible use of that freedom (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In applied ethics, what distinguishes a well-reasoned answer from a right or wrong one?

    <p>A well-reasoned answer is supported by logical arguments, evidence, and ethical principles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area does metaethics explore regarding ethical terms?

    <p>The characteristics, nature, and meaning of abstract ethical terms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is understanding the role of a moral agent considered essential in media ethics?

    <p>Because ethical standards often vary according to social roles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do contextual factors play in ethical decision-making within media?

    <p>They often create internal conflicts between conscience and popular opinion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to examine the motives of a moral agent when evaluating ethical behavior?

    <p>Because good motives can sometimes be used to justify unethical acts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the communication process, what is considered the 'act' from an ethical perspective?

    <p>The behavioral component that draws attention and can be judged as ethical or unethical. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is an example of accepting responsibility, instead of not accepting it?

    <p>Company apologising for its wrong doing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Media Ethics, which of these affects the ethical decisions made?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these have been proven to be affected by Media?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core principle associated with being responsible, according to the text?

    <p>Being concerned with the impact of one's actions on others. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of media ethics, what defines a moral agent?

    <p>A communicator making choices with motives, acts, contexts, and potential consequences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, when do communicators become moral agents?

    <p>When they encounter ethical dilemmas in their professions and must take responsibility for their actions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary ethical issue faced by social media platforms like Facebook, Google, and Twitter in the example provided?

    <p>Removing and controlling the spread of violent content related to the New Zealand terror attacks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions best exemplifies the concept of 'moral agent' as described?

    <p>A blogger deciding whether to publish sensitive information that could harm an individual. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most crucial element that determines whether an action has an ethical dimension, according to the text?

    <p>Whether the action has consequences for others. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario illustrates a media outlet acting as a responsible moral agent?

    <p>Withholding a story that could cause unwarranted panic without any public benefit. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for all communicators to become moral agents?

    <p>To make ethical judgements, and bear full responsibility for their actions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key consideration when evaluating an ethical situation involving a moral agent?

    <p>The moral agent’s relationship to those most directly affected. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a consequence of ethical judgment?

    <p>Public approbation or disapproval of the moral agent’s behavior. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these options are considered functions of media within an ethical system?

    <p>Providing accurate and reliable information in a democracy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an expected standard of acceptable behaviour in media regarding persuasive communication?

    <p>Prohibiting the intentional transmission of false or deceptive information. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role is a journalist expected to play in society?

    <p>Providing accurate information. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The production and dissemination of mass entertainment poses an ethical challenge primarily because:

    <p>There is little agreement on its role in society. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area of media is responsible for corporate image building that provides relevant information to consumers?

    <p>Public Relations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is typically used to enforce ethical standards in media?

    <p>Censorship boards and ethical codes of practice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Ethics

    Rules provided by an external source, representing character and nature.

    Moral

    An individual's principles regarding right and wrong; customs of a group.

    Individualistic Ethics

    Ethics where individuals adopt values as part of their character.

    Social Ethics

    Ethics formed collectively, not individualized, to apply to groups.

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    Conscience

    Internal experience of ethics, representing a moral struggle.

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    Codes of Ethics

    External demands and standards set for ethical behavior.

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    Scope of Ethics

    Ethics encompasses individuals, groups, institutions, and nations.

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    Ethical Demands

    Expectations to live morally and fulfill duties over personal gains.

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    Ethics as principles

    Ethics can be singular or multiple, representing correct principles or various ethical systems.

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    Practical Ethics

    Ethics involves practical actions like weighing values and adapting to new circumstances.

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    Three requirements for ethics in practice

    Ethics requires analysis, practical judgment, and virtuous character.

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    Ethical dilemma

    A situation involving moral struggles between competing, but defensible choices.

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    Analysis in ethics

    The articulation and justification of ethical principles, like in COVID-19 SOPs.

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    Practical judgment

    Applying ethical principles and rules to real-world issues, such as public health measures.

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    Virtuous character

    The disposition to follow ethical principles affirmed through analysis and judgment.

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    Three branches of ethics

    Includes ethical dilemmas, general ethics, and media ethics.

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    Metaethics

    Study of the nature and meaning of ethics and moral values.

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    Normative Ethics

    Develops theories and principles for moral conduct.

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    Applied Ethics

    Practical application of ethical principles to specific issues.

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    Media Ethics

    Examines ethical principles guiding media conduct.

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    Potter Box Model

    A decision-making model used in applied ethics.

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    Ethical Responsibility

    The duty to evaluate actions and their impact based on ethics.

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    Social Contract

    A theory in normative ethics defining moral rules consented by society.

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    Responsibility

    Being concerned with the consequences of one’s actions on others.

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    Moral Agent

    A communicator who makes ethical judgments and acts with intent.

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    Ethical Judgment

    The process of determining what is right or wrong in a situation.

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    Social Media Ethics

    Ethical considerations specific to interactions on social media platforms.

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    Consequences of Actions

    Outcomes that result from the choices made by individuals.

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    Institutional Representatives

    Individuals acting on behalf of an organization or institution.

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    Graphic Footage

    Visual content that depicts violent or disturbing events.

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    Accountability in Media

    The obligation of media entities to manage the effects of their content responsibly.

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    Contextual Factors

    Elements like political, social, and cultural climate affecting ethical decisions.

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    Internal Conflict

    A struggle within a person that arises when personal ethics clash with societal norms.

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    Motives of Moral Agent

    The reasons behind an individual's ethical decisions that can influence their morality.

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    Behavioral Component

    The actions taken by individuals that express ethical or unethical behavior.

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    Popular vs Ethical

    The conflict between what is widely accepted and what is morally correct.

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    Media Ethics Criteria

    Standards guiding the ethical responsibilities of media practitioners in their actions and decisions.

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    Consequences of Ethical Judgment

    Outcomes of moral decisions, can be positive or negative.

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    Media's Role in Democracy

    Media serves as a primary source of information and supports democratic processes.

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    Persuasive Communication

    The act of influencing others through information dissemination.

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    Ethical Standards in Media

    Minimum guidelines for acceptable behavior by media practitioners.

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    Gatekeeping in Media

    The process of controlling the flow of information to the audience.

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    Mass Entertainment Ethics

    Ethical considerations arising from creating and sharing entertainment.

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    Public Appropriation and Disapproval

    Society's reaction, either supportive or critical, to a moral agent's actions.

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    Study Notes

    Introduction to Ethics

    • Ethics, derived from the Greek word "ethos," means character, nature, or disposition. It also refers to rules provided by an external source.
    • Moral, from the Latin word "mores," refers to the customs of a group and an individual's principles regarding right and wrong.
    • Ethics encompasses both individualistic and social aspects.
      • Individualistic ethics focuses on personal values that individuals incorporate into their character to guide decision-making.
      • Social ethics establishes rules for fair social interaction applicable to all members of a group.
    • Ethical dilemmas arise internally as a tug of conscience, and externally as demands enforced by social sanctions.
    • Ethics has a wide scope, addressing the conduct of individuals, groups, institutions, professions, and countries.
    • Ethical considerations are demanding, requiring individuals to act with goodness and in right relation to others, sometimes foregoing personal benefits to uphold duties or face consequences.
    • Ethics can be singular (one set of principles) or multiple ( encompassing various ethical systems).
    • Ethics is a practical and evolving activity, involving value weighing, decision making, and adapting practices to new situations like technological advancements.
    • Practical application of ethics requires analysis, judgment, and virtuous character, exemplified by adhering to appropriate ethical guidelines, like COVID-19 SOPs.

    Concepts of Ethics

    • Ethical Dilemma: Moral struggles requiring the application of principles. These dilemmas often involve two or more competing courses of action.
    • Branches of Ethics: These include:
      • Metaethics: Examining the nature of ethics, meaning of abstract terms (e.g., honesty, truth), and establishing moral values.
      • Normative ethics: Developing general theories, rules, and principles of moral conduct (e.g., social contract, egalitarianism).
      • Applied ethics: Using insights from metaethics and normative principles to address specific ethical issues and circumstances (e.g., decision-making models).
    • Media Ethics: A specific application of ethical principles relevant to the media practice within society. It encompasses the principles guiding responsible media conduct and interactions with the public.
      • Moral Agents: individuals or groups involved in media communication with a specific motive and actions with consequences; they hold ethical judgment to make ethical decisions.
      • Media Responsibility: comes from the principles of responsibility used to evaluate individuals and actions in daily life. Ethical decision making must consider the impact on others.
    • Ethical situations are context dependent. Consider political, social, and cultural factors.
    • Ethical actions can produce positive or negative consequences, potentially prompting public approval or disapproval of the involved agents.

    Functions of Media in the Ethical System

    • Media is the primary information source in a democracy; accurate and reliable information fuels democratic processes and capitalistic societies.
    • Media are expected to establish minimum standards of acceptable behavior; prohibits the intentional transmission of false or misleading information across media platforms.
    • Producing and disseminating mass entertainment raises ethical challenges in society, potentially perpetuating or prompting broader societal changes.
    • A producer of popular entertainment has a responsibility to contribute to the enrichment of cultural values, not solely for commercial gain.

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