Ethics Principles and Dilemmas Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of ethics as a set of principles, based on the content?

  • Ethical principles are static and unchanging. (correct)
  • Ethics involves practical application and evolves over time.
  • Ethics can be viewed as a singular, universally correct set of principles.
  • Ethics can be viewed as multiple ethical systems.

According to the content, what are the three essential components for ethics in practice?

  • Cultural norms, societal expectations, and historical context.
  • Theoretical knowledge, philosophical debate, and legal enforcement.
  • Analysis, practical judgment, and virtuous character. (correct)
  • Personal beliefs, emotional intelligence, and intuitive decision-making.

Which of the following best describes the etymological origin of the word 'ethics'?

  • Derived from the Greek word 'ethos', referring to an individual's own principles.
  • Derived from the Greek word 'ethos', referring to character, nature or disposition. (correct)
  • Derived from the Latin word 'mores', referring to customs of a group.
  • Derived from the Latin word 'mores', referring to individual principles.

What distinguishes morals from ethics, based on their origins?

<p>Ethics originate from Greek character, while morals stem from Latin customs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of an ethical dilemma, what is the primary struggle?

<p>Navigating moral struggles and reflection to determine the right course of action. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is 'virtuous character' essential for ethics in practice?

<p>It disposes individuals to adhere to the principles affirmed through analysis and practical judgment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the individualistic aspect of ethics best demonstrated?

<p>By internalizing values as part of one's character and using norms in decision making. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which example shows an ethical dilemma?

<p>A journalist knowing whether to publish information. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'social' aspect of ethics primarily emphasize?

<p>The application of fair interaction rules to all humans or group members. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is 'practical judgment' applied in ethics?

<p>By applying ethical principles and rules to existing issues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which example illustrates the experience of ethics as an external demand?

<p>Adhering to a code of ethics enforced by social sanction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best definition of the 'analysis' that ethics in practice calls for?

<p>Clearly stating and justifying moral principles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is implied by the 'wide scope' of ethics?

<p>Ethics covers the conducts of individuals, groups, institutions, professions and countries. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for ethics to be 'demanding'?

<p>Ethics requires individuals in society to live in goodness and in right relation with each other. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the options is an example of ethical principles 'evolving'?

<p>Practices changing because of new technology. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is implied when people forego personal benefits to carry our duties?

<p>A prioritization of ethical considerations regardless of personal cost. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus when ethical dilemmas involve a conflict between two "right" moral obligations?

<p>Applying a balancing approach to competing rights, recognizing the absence of a definitively 'correct' answer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of ethics is concerned with the meaning of abstract terms like honesty, truth, and justice?

<p>Metaethics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of normative ethics?

<p>Developing general theories, rules, and principles of moral conduct. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key characteristic of applied ethics?

<p>It utilizes insights from metaethics and normative ethics to address specific ethical issues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the definition of media ethics?

<p>The analysis and application of ethical principles relevant to media practice. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a central concern of media ethics?

<p>Advancing free and independent media while stressing responsible use of that freedom (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In applied ethics, what distinguishes a well-reasoned answer from a right or wrong one?

<p>A well-reasoned answer is supported by logical arguments, evidence, and ethical principles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What area does metaethics explore regarding ethical terms?

<p>The characteristics, nature, and meaning of abstract ethical terms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding the role of a moral agent considered essential in media ethics?

<p>Because ethical standards often vary according to social roles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do contextual factors play in ethical decision-making within media?

<p>They often create internal conflicts between conscience and popular opinion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to examine the motives of a moral agent when evaluating ethical behavior?

<p>Because good motives can sometimes be used to justify unethical acts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the communication process, what is considered the 'act' from an ethical perspective?

<p>The behavioral component that draws attention and can be judged as ethical or unethical. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is an example of accepting responsibility, instead of not accepting it?

<p>Company apologising for its wrong doing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Media Ethics, which of these affects the ethical decisions made?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these have been proven to be affected by Media?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the core principle associated with being responsible, according to the text?

<p>Being concerned with the impact of one's actions on others. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of media ethics, what defines a moral agent?

<p>A communicator making choices with motives, acts, contexts, and potential consequences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, when do communicators become moral agents?

<p>When they encounter ethical dilemmas in their professions and must take responsibility for their actions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary ethical issue faced by social media platforms like Facebook, Google, and Twitter in the example provided?

<p>Removing and controlling the spread of violent content related to the New Zealand terror attacks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions best exemplifies the concept of 'moral agent' as described?

<p>A blogger deciding whether to publish sensitive information that could harm an individual. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most crucial element that determines whether an action has an ethical dimension, according to the text?

<p>Whether the action has consequences for others. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario illustrates a media outlet acting as a responsible moral agent?

<p>Withholding a story that could cause unwarranted panic without any public benefit. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for all communicators to become moral agents?

<p>To make ethical judgements, and bear full responsibility for their actions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one key consideration when evaluating an ethical situation involving a moral agent?

<p>The moral agent’s relationship to those most directly affected. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a consequence of ethical judgment?

<p>Public approbation or disapproval of the moral agent’s behavior. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these options are considered functions of media within an ethical system?

<p>Providing accurate and reliable information in a democracy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an expected standard of acceptable behaviour in media regarding persuasive communication?

<p>Prohibiting the intentional transmission of false or deceptive information. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role is a journalist expected to play in society?

<p>Providing accurate information. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The production and dissemination of mass entertainment poses an ethical challenge primarily because:

<p>There is little agreement on its role in society. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What area of media is responsible for corporate image building that provides relevant information to consumers?

<p>Public Relations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is typically used to enforce ethical standards in media?

<p>Censorship boards and ethical codes of practice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ethics

Rules provided by an external source, representing character and nature.

Moral

An individual's principles regarding right and wrong; customs of a group.

Individualistic Ethics

Ethics where individuals adopt values as part of their character.

Social Ethics

Ethics formed collectively, not individualized, to apply to groups.

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Conscience

Internal experience of ethics, representing a moral struggle.

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Codes of Ethics

External demands and standards set for ethical behavior.

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Scope of Ethics

Ethics encompasses individuals, groups, institutions, and nations.

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Ethical Demands

Expectations to live morally and fulfill duties over personal gains.

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Ethics as principles

Ethics can be singular or multiple, representing correct principles or various ethical systems.

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Practical Ethics

Ethics involves practical actions like weighing values and adapting to new circumstances.

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Three requirements for ethics in practice

Ethics requires analysis, practical judgment, and virtuous character.

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Ethical dilemma

A situation involving moral struggles between competing, but defensible choices.

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Analysis in ethics

The articulation and justification of ethical principles, like in COVID-19 SOPs.

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Practical judgment

Applying ethical principles and rules to real-world issues, such as public health measures.

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Virtuous character

The disposition to follow ethical principles affirmed through analysis and judgment.

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Three branches of ethics

Includes ethical dilemmas, general ethics, and media ethics.

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Metaethics

Study of the nature and meaning of ethics and moral values.

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Normative Ethics

Develops theories and principles for moral conduct.

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Applied Ethics

Practical application of ethical principles to specific issues.

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Media Ethics

Examines ethical principles guiding media conduct.

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Potter Box Model

A decision-making model used in applied ethics.

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Ethical Responsibility

The duty to evaluate actions and their impact based on ethics.

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Social Contract

A theory in normative ethics defining moral rules consented by society.

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Responsibility

Being concerned with the consequences of one’s actions on others.

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Moral Agent

A communicator who makes ethical judgments and acts with intent.

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Ethical Judgment

The process of determining what is right or wrong in a situation.

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Social Media Ethics

Ethical considerations specific to interactions on social media platforms.

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Consequences of Actions

Outcomes that result from the choices made by individuals.

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Institutional Representatives

Individuals acting on behalf of an organization or institution.

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Graphic Footage

Visual content that depicts violent or disturbing events.

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Accountability in Media

The obligation of media entities to manage the effects of their content responsibly.

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Contextual Factors

Elements like political, social, and cultural climate affecting ethical decisions.

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Internal Conflict

A struggle within a person that arises when personal ethics clash with societal norms.

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Motives of Moral Agent

The reasons behind an individual's ethical decisions that can influence their morality.

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Behavioral Component

The actions taken by individuals that express ethical or unethical behavior.

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Popular vs Ethical

The conflict between what is widely accepted and what is morally correct.

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Media Ethics Criteria

Standards guiding the ethical responsibilities of media practitioners in their actions and decisions.

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Consequences of Ethical Judgment

Outcomes of moral decisions, can be positive or negative.

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Media's Role in Democracy

Media serves as a primary source of information and supports democratic processes.

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Persuasive Communication

The act of influencing others through information dissemination.

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Ethical Standards in Media

Minimum guidelines for acceptable behavior by media practitioners.

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Gatekeeping in Media

The process of controlling the flow of information to the audience.

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Mass Entertainment Ethics

Ethical considerations arising from creating and sharing entertainment.

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Public Appropriation and Disapproval

Society's reaction, either supportive or critical, to a moral agent's actions.

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Study Notes

Introduction to Ethics

  • Ethics, derived from the Greek word "ethos," means character, nature, or disposition. It also refers to rules provided by an external source.
  • Moral, from the Latin word "mores," refers to the customs of a group and an individual's principles regarding right and wrong.
  • Ethics encompasses both individualistic and social aspects.
    • Individualistic ethics focuses on personal values that individuals incorporate into their character to guide decision-making.
    • Social ethics establishes rules for fair social interaction applicable to all members of a group.
  • Ethical dilemmas arise internally as a tug of conscience, and externally as demands enforced by social sanctions.
  • Ethics has a wide scope, addressing the conduct of individuals, groups, institutions, professions, and countries.
  • Ethical considerations are demanding, requiring individuals to act with goodness and in right relation to others, sometimes foregoing personal benefits to uphold duties or face consequences.
  • Ethics can be singular (one set of principles) or multiple ( encompassing various ethical systems).
  • Ethics is a practical and evolving activity, involving value weighing, decision making, and adapting practices to new situations like technological advancements.
  • Practical application of ethics requires analysis, judgment, and virtuous character, exemplified by adhering to appropriate ethical guidelines, like COVID-19 SOPs.

Concepts of Ethics

  • Ethical Dilemma: Moral struggles requiring the application of principles. These dilemmas often involve two or more competing courses of action.
  • Branches of Ethics: These include:
    • Metaethics: Examining the nature of ethics, meaning of abstract terms (e.g., honesty, truth), and establishing moral values.
    • Normative ethics: Developing general theories, rules, and principles of moral conduct (e.g., social contract, egalitarianism).
    • Applied ethics: Using insights from metaethics and normative principles to address specific ethical issues and circumstances (e.g., decision-making models).
  • Media Ethics: A specific application of ethical principles relevant to the media practice within society. It encompasses the principles guiding responsible media conduct and interactions with the public.
    • Moral Agents: individuals or groups involved in media communication with a specific motive and actions with consequences; they hold ethical judgment to make ethical decisions.
    • Media Responsibility: comes from the principles of responsibility used to evaluate individuals and actions in daily life. Ethical decision making must consider the impact on others.
  • Ethical situations are context dependent. Consider political, social, and cultural factors.
  • Ethical actions can produce positive or negative consequences, potentially prompting public approval or disapproval of the involved agents.

Functions of Media in the Ethical System

  • Media is the primary information source in a democracy; accurate and reliable information fuels democratic processes and capitalistic societies.
  • Media are expected to establish minimum standards of acceptable behavior; prohibits the intentional transmission of false or misleading information across media platforms.
  • Producing and disseminating mass entertainment raises ethical challenges in society, potentially perpetuating or prompting broader societal changes.
  • A producer of popular entertainment has a responsibility to contribute to the enrichment of cultural values, not solely for commercial gain.

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