Ethics of Medical Operations Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What was the main argument from the parents regarding the operation to separate Jodie and Mary?

  • The operation would save both lives.
  • The operation would not lead to immediate death.
  • Separating the twins would improve their overall quality of life.
  • All human life is sacred. (correct)

    • The court agreed with the parents regarding the sanctity of life.

    False (B)

    What percentage of Americans agreed with the idea of saving Jodie over letting both twins die?

    78%

    In 1993, Robert Latimer killed his daughter, Tracy, who suffered from severe __________.

    <p>cerebral palsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the arguments to their descriptions:

    <p>Save as many as we can = A utilitarian perspective advocating saving one life. Sanctity of Human Life = A belief that all human life is sacred. Court's Argument = Distinction made between killing and letting die. Natural Objection = Justification for extreme cases of killing innocent people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the counter-argument to the sanctity of life suggest?

    <p>Killing may be justified in rare cases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Lord Justice Robert Walker's key point regarding the operation on Mary?

    <p>The operation wouldn’t directly kill Mary; she would die due to her medical condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The operation to separate Jodie and Mary was performed against the parents' wishes.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Simple Subjectivism claim about moral statements?

    <p>They express personal approval or disapproval. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Simple Subjectivism provides a convincing explanation for moral disagreements.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the philosopher associated with the development of Emotivism?

    <p>Charles L. Stevenson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under Emotivism, saying 'Homosexuality is immoral' resembles saying '______!'

    <p>Gross</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms to their descriptions:

    <p>Simple Subjectivism = Expresses personal approval or disapproval Emotivism = Views moral statements as expressions of emotion Moral disagreement = Disagreement based on differing attitudes Philosopher who contributed to Emotivism = Charles L. Stevenson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one critical problem with Simple Subjectivism?

    <p>It implies that moral statements can never be wrong. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Emotivism differ from Simple Subjectivism in terms of moral language?

    <p>Emotivism views moral language as a tool for expressing emotions and influencing behavior, while Simple Subjectivism interprets it as statements about personal attitudes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason people hesitate to criticize harmful practices like excision?

    <p>There is a history of cultural interference by Europeans. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cultural Relativism suggests that all cultural practices should be accepted without question.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shared value do many cultures have, according to the content?

    <p>human happiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cultural Relativism forbids the application of universal standards to evaluate practices across _____ cultures.

    <p>different</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the claims of Cultural Relativism with their descriptions:

    <p>Different societies have different moral codes = Many cultures share fundamental values. The moral code of a society determines right actions = Flawed codes can endorse harmful practices. There is no objective standard to judge moral codes = Universal ethics can critique certain harmful practices. The moral code of our society has no special status = Not all codes are equally valid. It is arrogant to judge other cultures = Tolerance is important, but not always necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following practices can be judged as wrong by universal principles?

    <p>Excision (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The moral code of our society is considered the best compared to all others.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cultural Relativism teaches us that we should not assume our practices are based on _____ rational standards.

    <p>absolute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one harmful practice mentioned that is rejected by universal ethics.

    <p>slavery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What claim about moral code does Cultural Relativism challenge?

    <p>Some societies can endorse harmful practices. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Cultural Relativism imply about moral progress?

    <p>It makes judgments about societal changes as progress impossible. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cultural Relativism allows us to easily identify the superiority of one culture over another.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary factor shaped the practice of infanticide among the Eskimos?

    <p>Harsh environmental conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Protecting children is considered an essential value for a society's ______.

    <p>survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the reason why the Eskimos engaged in killing healthy infants?

    <p>Sustained population balance under harsh conditions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cultural differences in moral beliefs are generally as significant as they seem.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one consequence of Cultural Relativism regarding social reformers like Martin Luther King Jr.?

    <p>They could only improve society by conforming to its ideals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Certain values are ______ because they are essential for a society’s survival.

    <p>universal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the scenario to its underlying belief:

    <p>Not eating cows = Belief in the souls of humans inhabiting animals Eskimo infanticide = Survival under harsh conditions Child protection = Essential for society’s survival Adoption practices = Response to imbalanced population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a shared human value necessary for survival?

    <p>Protection of children (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following arguments against the mercy killing of Tracy Latimer focuses on the inherent value of all human life, regardless of their condition?

    <p>The Argument from the Sanctity of Human Life (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tracy Latimer's case sparked a debate about the ethical implications of mercy killing and its potential consequences.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary argument used by those who opposed Tracy's mercy killing based on disability discrimination?

    <p>The Argument from the Wrongness of Discriminating Against the Handicapped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ argument suggests that allowing mercy killing in Tracy's case might lead to a society where life is valued less, especially for vulnerable groups.

    <p>Slippery Slope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the arguments against Tracy Latimer's mercy killing with their main focus:

    <p>The Argument from the Sanctity of Human Life = All human life has inherent value, regardless of condition The Argument from the Wrongness of Discriminating Against the Handicapped = Killing Tracy based on disability is unjust discrimination The Slippery Slope Argument = Allowing mercy killing could lead to unintended negative consequences in the future</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Robert Latimer argued that he acted out of mercy, believing he was relieving Tracy from suffering.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between moral judgments based on reason and those based on emotion?

    <p>Moral judgments based on reason are supported by logical reasoning and impartiality, while judgments based on emotion can be influenced by irrationality, prejudice, or selfishness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Morality is fundamentally based on _________ and impartiality.

    <p>reason</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following concerns were raised by those who opposed the slippery slope argument against mercy killing?

    <p>The fear was exaggerated and unrealistic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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