Ethics in Psychology Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is ethics?

A branch of philosophy concerned with establishing the principles of right and wrong behavior.

What does the American Psychological Association represent?

An organization that represents psychologists in the United States and attempts to advance psychological knowledge.

What is the purpose of an institutional review board?

To review and authorize experimental research to ensure ethical obligations are met.

What does competence refer to in a psychological context?

<p>The ability of an individual to perform one's duties well.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is informed consent?

<p>Communication between a professional and a subject that gives permission for a procedure to occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the right to privacy?

<p>A person's right to keep personal information out of public view.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does confidentiality mean?

<p>The capacity to keep information restricted to only those who have permission to view it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is deception in research?

<p>A purposeful falsehood or an intention to mislead another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does integrity mean in psychology?

<p>Adherence to ethical principles; honest behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a code of ethics?

<p>Aids and constrains psychologists by establishing professional integrity and gaining public trust.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do beneficence and nonmaleficence aim to achieve?

<p>Aim to help and do no harm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does fidelity and responsibility refer to?

<p>Establishing trust and upholding one's responsibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle of justice in research?

<p>Uphold the rights of all to benefit from one's work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is involved in informed consent besides giving permission?

<p>Subjects have the right to know the purpose, nature, and potential dangers and effects of the research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should privacy and confidentiality guidelines ensure?

<p>That privacy guidelines will be established early and private details are not disclosed unless required by law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does avoiding harm and exploitation entail?

<p>Participation must be voluntary, participants must be told the study's purpose, and no undue stress or harm should take place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is plagiarism?

<p>The illegal use of another author's material without permission or citation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a citation?

<p>A reference to a previously published work intended to give credit to the author.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is vivisection?

<p>The use of animals for research; the dissection of live bodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is moral agency?

<p>The ability and responsibility to make informed and ethical decisions about one's actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is raw data?

<p>Information from a study that has not undergone any interpretation or processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Animal Welfare Act govern?

<p>The human care, handling, treatment, and transportation of laboratory animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ethics

A branch of philosophy that focuses on the principles of right and wrong in behavior, guiding ethical decision-making and actions in various contexts.

American Psychological Association (APA)

The primary organization representing psychologists in the US, dedicated to promoting scientific advancement, professional standards, and ethical practices within the field.

Institutional Review Board (IRB)

A group of scientists tasked with reviewing research proposals before they can be implemented, ensuring they adhere to ethical guidelines and protect participants' welfare.

Competence

An individual's ability to perform their professional responsibilities effectively and appropriately, encompassing technical skills, knowledge, and ethical conduct.

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Informed Consent

A process where individuals voluntarily choose to participate in a research study after fully understanding its nature, risks, and benefits.

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Privacy

The right of individuals to control the access and dissemination of personal information, protecting it from unauthorized use or disclosure.

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Confidentiality

The obligation to restrict access to sensitive information to only those individuals who have legitimate authorization to view it.

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Deception

Intentionally misleading individuals in a research study, potentially raising ethical concerns about participants' autonomy and the integrity of the data.

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Integrity

A commitment to honest and ethical behavior in professional practice, upholding principles of integrity, honesty, and respect for others.

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Code of Ethics

A set of guidelines that define ethical principles and standards for psychologists, ensuring the profession upholds public trust and ethical conduct.

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Beneficence and Nonmaleficence

Ethical principles that balance the desire to help others (beneficence) with the obligation to avoid causing harm (nonmaleficence).

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Fidelity and Responsibility

Ethical principles that emphasize building trust with clients, maintaining professional responsibilities, and upholding commitments.

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Justice

A principle that advocates for fairness and equality in access to research benefits and protection from harm, ensuring all individuals are treated justly.

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Informed Consent Details

Clear and detailed information provided to participants before they agree to participate in a study, outlining the study's purpose, procedures, risks, benefits, and debriefing process.

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Privacy and Confidentiality Expectations

Participants' expectation that their personal information will be protected and not disclosed without their consent, ensuring privacy in research.

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Avoiding Harm and Exploitation

Research should be conducted in a way that avoids causing unnecessary stress or harm to subjects, emphasizing their well-being and voluntary participation.

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Plagiarism

Using another individual's work without proper attribution or permission, violating intellectual property rights.

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Citation

Acknowledging the original source of information by referencing the authors and their works, allowing proper credit and traceability.

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Vivisection

The practice of conducting research on live animals through dissection and experimentation, often raising ethical concerns about animal welfare.

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Moral Agency

The capacity and responsibility for making informed, ethically sound choices about one's actions, recognizing the moral implications of decisions.

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Raw Data

Unprocessed information directly collected from research, potentially containing sensitive or private data that requires careful handling and protection.

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Animal Welfare Act

A federal law regulating the humane care, treatment, and housing of laboratory animals used in research, protecting animals from cruelty and ensuring their welfare.

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Study Notes

Key Concepts in Ethics - Psychology

  • Ethics: Branch of philosophy focused on principles of right and wrong in behavior.

  • American Psychological Association (APA): Major organization representing psychologists in the U.S., dedicated to advancing psychological knowledge.

  • Institutional Review Board (IRB): A group of scientists tasked with reviewing research projects to ensure ethical compliance.

  • Competence: Refers to an individual's ability to effectively perform their professional responsibilities.

  • Informed Consent: A process of communication between professional and subject, ensuring subjects agree to participate based on a clear understanding of the study.

  • Privacy: The right of individuals to keep their personal information secure and out of the public domain.

  • Confidentiality: The obligation to restrict access to information to only those who have permission.

  • Deception: Intentionally misleading individuals, which can raise ethical concerns in research practices.

  • Integrity: Commitment to ethical principles and honest behavior in professional conduct.

  • Code of Ethics: A framework guiding psychologists by establishing professional integrity, public trust, and enforcement values.

  • Beneficence and Nonmaleficence: Ethical principles advocating for helping others while avoiding harm.

  • Fidelity and Responsibility: Emphasizes establishing trust and maintaining professional responsibilities to clients.

  • Justice: Principle that advocates for the equal rights of all individuals to benefit from psychological research.

  • Informed Consent Details: Subjects must be informed about the purpose, nature, risks, and potential effects of research, plus debriefing is necessary post-study.

  • Privacy and Confidentiality Expectations: Participants expect clear privacy guidelines that prevent unauthorized disclosure of personal and confidential information.

  • Avoiding Harm and Exploitation: Research participation should be voluntary, with studies designed to avoid unnecessary stress or harm to subjects.

  • Plagiarism: Improper appropriation of another's work without permission or proper citation.

  • Citation: Acknowledgment of previous authors' work that allows tracking of the original source.

  • Vivisection: Refers to the practice of conducting research on live animals through dissection.

  • Moral Agency: The capacity and obligation to make informed ethical choices regarding one’s actions.

  • Raw Data: Unprocessed information obtained from research that may include sensitive details.

  • Animal Welfare Act: Legislation that regulates the humane treatment, housing, and care of laboratory animals.

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Test your knowledge on key concepts related to ethics in psychology with this set of flashcards. Each card provides definitions of essential terms like 'ethics', 'American Psychological Association', and 'institutional review board'. Perfect for students looking to deepen their understanding of psychological ethics.

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