Ethics in Philosophy Quiz

Ethics

• Deals with the study of human actions, determining whether they are good or bad, moral or immoral
• Derived from the Greek word "ethos"

Human Acts

• Actions performed by a person knowingly, freely, and voluntarily
• Can be classified into three categories:
  • Moral: described as good
  • Immoral: described as bad
  • Amoral: described as indifferent, neither good nor bad

Modifiers of Human Acts

• Factors that influence a person's disposition towards certain actions
• Can affect the morality of an action

Ends of Human Acts

• End of the Act: the natural termination or completion of an activity
• End of the Doer: the motive or reason why a person performed an act
• Proximate End: a kind of end that the doer wishes to accomplish immediately
• Remote End: a kind of end that the doer wishes to accomplish sometime later

Moral Concepts

• Apparent Good: an evil viewed as good
• Summum Bonum: the greatest good according to Aristotle
• Morality: the quality of human acts by which they are constituted as good, bad, or indifferent

Types of Actions

• Internal Actions: performed mentally
• External Actions: performed bodily
• Elicited Act: a kind of human act performed by the will but not externalized
• Commanded Act: a kind of human act performed mentally and bodily under the command of the will
• Moral Actions: actions that conform to the norms of morality
• Immoral Actions: actions that do not conform to the norms of morality