Fundamentals

Questions and Answers

Ethical decision making should be based on:

the patient's wishes (correct)

the technician's wishes

the doctor's wishes

a facilities policy

When can you legally use force against a patient?

never

only in self defense, if you have reason to believe you are being or about to be attacked (correct)

if you cannot get the patient to cooperate

with permission from a family member

First aid treatment for a patient having a seizure is to:

put in Sim's position

lay flat on back

notify the doctor immediately

turn to a lateral position (correct)

A person who is on steroid therapy should be checked frequently for:

signs and symptoms of infection Signup and view all the answers

The most common side effect of Thorazine is:

adverse reaction to sun exposure Signup and view all the answers

Patients taking diuretics should be encouraged to increase their intake of:

citrus fruits and juices Signup and view all the answers

A common side effect associated with antibiotic therapy is:

diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

Red, swollen gums with loose teeth is a symptom of which vitamin deficiency?

C Signup and view all the answers

The body's only source of nitrogen is:

protein Signup and view all the answers

The food with the highest protein content is:

eggs Signup and view all the answers

Of the following which would be evidence of a systemic infection?

increased body temperature Signup and view all the answers

Type of soak you expect to put on an open, draining wound.

warm, moist Signup and view all the answers

Most effective method for promoting communication when dealing with a patient with speech impairment

do not interrupt them as they attempt to speak Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical is released during an inflammatory response?

histamine Signup and view all the answers

Which position is best for a comatose patient?

side-lying Signup and view all the answers

When positioning a patient in the right lateral Sim's position, the pillows should be placed where?

under the head, left arm and left knee Signup and view all the answers

What is the best intervention to prevent foot drop in a bedfast patient?

foot board Signup and view all the answers

Why should someone bend their knees before moving a patient?

lower the center of gravity Signup and view all the answers

The two most important elements in the selection of food for most people is taste and texture.

True Signup and view all the answers

Carbohydrates, proteins, and——- are the macronutrients.

lipids Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following supplies the most amount of protein?

steak Signup and view all the answers

Essential nutrients:

must be obtained through diet Signup and view all the answers

One example of a chemical in food that is not a nutrient is:

fiber Signup and view all the answers

What are the major concerns when lifting or moving a patient?

safety of the patient and healthcare worker Signup and view all the answers

Passive range-of-motion exercises are done for the patient:

who cannot exercise himself Signup and view all the answers

Before assisting a patient to ambulate with a cane or walker, you should:

make sure that the patient has on shoes with nonslip soles Signup and view all the answers

When the patient has a weak side, it is best to move him:

toward the stronger side Signup and view all the answers

When moving a patient up in bed, the pillow should be:

placed against the headboard Signup and view all the answers

Using a draw sheet when moving patients helps prevent:

friction and shearing Signup and view all the answers

When moving a patient up in bed, ask the patient to help by:

bending the knees, placing feet flat on the bed, pushing Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct positioning for the patient when sitting in a chair?

The hips should be at right angles in the chair Signup and view all the answers

Body alignment is:

positioning the body Signup and view all the answers

Using good body mechanics does all of the following except:

increase patient's strength Signup and view all the answers

Proper body mechanics includes:

having a wide base of support Signup and view all the answers

An effect of immobility on the circulatory system may be:

swelling of the tissues due to poor blood flow Signup and view all the answers

Prosthesis is:

an artificial body part Signup and view all the answers

The process designed to help a person restore and maintain the highest level of ability is:

rehabilitation Signup and view all the answers

The adjustable table used for patient care and for serving food trays is the—— table

overbed Signup and view all the answers

Check the call ——— every day to be sure it works properly

signal Signup and view all the answers

The gatch handles of the bed should be:

tucked under the foot of the bed when not in use Signup and view all the answers

When making an unoccupied bed, you should:

wear gloves if you might have contact with any body fluids Signup and view all the answers

If a patient is in a bed that is elevated, you should:

always leave the rails up Signup and view all the answers

This type of chair has wheels and a tray that is a type of restraint

geriatric Signup and view all the answers

A device used to assist a patient when moving from the bed to a chair is a—— belt

transfer Signup and view all the answers

Accident prevention is the responsibility of the:

entire staff Signup and view all the answers

If a patient begins to fall while you are walking with him, you should:

gently ease patient to the floor Signup and view all the answers

If a patient is coughing and able to breathe, which of the following should be done?

stay with patient and let him continue to cough Signup and view all the answers

An abnormal change in the digestive system that you should report is:

dark, hard stools Signup and view all the answers

When caring for someone in a wheelchair, you should avoid using which word:

cripple Signup and view all the answers

When observing skin changes in a patient, you should note and report which of the following?

redness and swelling Signup and view all the answers

When communicating with someone who has a vision impairment it is important to:

encourage person to wear their glasses Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a communication barrier?

talking down to a person Signup and view all the answers

Communication is effective when the message is:

received as the sender wants it to be received Signup and view all the answers

A program to help a person relearn dates, time, place and identity is called—— orientation

reality Signup and view all the answers

When a person is angry or agitated, the underlying feeling may be:

fear Signup and view all the answers

When caring for someone who has mental impairments, you should keep the daily routine:

structured Signup and view all the answers

A person who is disoriented is:

confused Signup and view all the answers

Compassionate understanding is:

empathy Signup and view all the answers

If someone refuses a procedure, health care workers must———— the consequences of the refusal

explain Signup and view all the answers

Adaptive equipment is:

designed to keep a person more independent Signup and view all the answers

Restraint:

restrict freedom of movement and access to one's body Signup and view all the answers

When preparing a person to take part in activities, it is important to:

ask the person what activities he/she would like to attend Signup and view all the answers

Methods people have of handling stress are what kind of mechanisms?

coping Signup and view all the answers

Calling a person by the name he or she prefers is one way of meeting the need for:

identity Signup and view all the answers

The last sense to be lost by a dying person is:

hearing Signup and view all the answers

The first step in the grieving process is:

denial Signup and view all the answers

Psychological or psychosocial needs are:

mental and emotional needs Signup and view all the answers

Of the following, which statement is true?

all people have the same basic human needs Signup and view all the answers

Exposing a patient's body when giving care is a form of invasion of:

privacy Signup and view all the answers

A patient has asked for pain medication. The nurse is very busy. You should:

inform the nurse of the patient's request Signup and view all the answers

How much time should you spend washing your hands?

20 seconds Signup and view all the answers

With frequent hand washing, hands become dry. You should invest in a good hand cream because:

cracked, dry hands are more susceptible to bacterial infections Signup and view all the answers

How many germs are on a hand at any given time?

5000 Signup and view all the answers

The majority of cold germs are spread through:

hand to hand contact Signup and view all the answers

The single most effective way to prevent transmission of disease is:

hand washing Signup and view all the answers

CPR: The proper way to determine unresponsiveness is:

shake and shout at the person Signup and view all the answers

What is the best position for a patient to be in when performing CPR?

flat on the floor Signup and view all the answers

Systolic blood pressure represents:

the heart at work Signup and view all the answers

The ABC's of basic life support stand for:

airway, breathing, circulation Signup and view all the answers

Minor bleeding is best controlled by:

direct pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal daily fluid intake for an adult?

2 to 3 quarts Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would not be included in a clear liquid diet?

milk Signup and view all the answers

Dehydration occurs when:

there is not enough liquid in the body Signup and view all the answers

When a patient is on an intake and output, you must record:

the amount of liquid drank Signup and view all the answers

The body's way of removing waste products is:

elimination Signup and view all the answers

Normal urine is:

clear Signup and view all the answers

In normal aging, the blood flow to the kidneys is:

lessened Signup and view all the answers

Incontinence:

is a medical problem Signup and view all the answers

A container that a male patient uses for urination in bed is an):

urinal Signup and view all the answers

When placing a patient on a commode to defecate, you are placing patient:

on portable toilet to have a bowel movement Signup and view all the answers

The patient's blood pressure is 120/84. The diastolic reading is:

84 Signup and view all the answers

Before placing dentures in a patient's mouth:

apply gloves Signup and view all the answers

When removing soiled linen from a bed:

place the linen into the hamper Signup and view all the answers

To properly give a bath:

cover the patient and bathe face, hands, underarms, back and genital area, uncovering one part at a time Signup and view all the answers

The correct positioning of the patient's body is called:

body alignment Signup and view all the answers

To properly wash the eyes while giving a bed bath, you would

wipe from inner to outer side Signup and view all the answers

Your patient's care plan is to check blood pressure q.I.d. How often must you check it?

four times a day Signup and view all the answers

When you take a patient's pulse, you are using a/an:

artery Signup and view all the answers

The strongest muscles you should use for lifting are in your:

thighs Signup and view all the answers

An example of an adaptive device to help a patient with dressing and grooming tasks would be a:

long-handled shoehorn Signup and view all the answers

When you logroll a patient, before placing him/her on a bedpan, place your hands on the patient's:

shoulder and hip Signup and view all the answers

When you sit a patient up on the edge of the bed and the patient becomes dizzy, your best action would

lay the patient down Signup and view all the answers

To properly practice what you have been taught about standard precautions, it is best to:

always carry gloves Signup and view all the answers

The inability to speak or understand communication because of an injury or illness is called:

aphasia Signup and view all the answers

A form of communication that conveys a message without words:

nonverbal Signup and view all the answers

Abnormal drowsiness or sleepiness is:

lethargy Signup and view all the answers

Treating a person with respect is called:

dignity Signup and view all the answers

How many steps are in the grieving process?

5 Signup and view all the answers

Fixed armrests on a wheelchair are recommended for users who will be:

performing standing transfers Signup and view all the answers

During an interview, the assistant/technician questions the patient as follows: "Describe your pain for me. How has your appetite been? How have you been sleeping?" All of these are examples of:

Open-ended questions Signup and view all the answers

When you introduce yourself to a patient and inform them of the treatment goals, desired outcome, and potential risk, this is called:

orientation Signup and view all the answers

The use of touch by a caregiver is a form of:

non-verbal communication Signup and view all the answers

A caregiver's primary responsibility is for the—— of each patient

safety Signup and view all the answers

Persons who are required to lift, reach, push, pull, and carry objects should be instructed to use proper:

body mechanics Signup and view all the answers

Forces that add resistance to many activities associated with lifting, reaching, pushing, and carrying an object are:

gravity and friction Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ethical Decision Making

Ethical decisions should be guided by principles that consider the well-being and rights of individuals.

Use of Force Against a Patient

Force can be legally applied when a patient poses an imminent threat to themselves or others.

First Aid for Seizures

Protect the patient from injury by ensuring safety, timing the event, and placing them in a recovery position after it ends.

Steroid Therapy Monitoring

Patients on steroids require frequent checks for signs of infection and metabolic changes.

Common Side Effect of Thorazine

Sedation is the most commonly reported side effect related to Thorazine usage.

Diuretics and Fluid Intake

Encourage increased fluid intake to prevent dehydration in patients taking diuretics.

Antibiotic Therapy Side Effects

Common side effects from antibiotics may include diarrhea and allergic reactions.

Vitamin Deficiency Symptoms

Red, swollen gums and loose teeth can indicate a Vitamin C deficiency, known as scurvy.

Nitrogen Source

The body's only source of nitrogen is through dietary protein.

Highest Protein Content Food

Animal products such as eggs and meat are noted for having the highest protein content.

Evidence of Systemic Infection

Signs include fever, chills, and elevated white blood cell count.

Wound Soaking

A saline or antiseptic soak is typically used for open, draining wounds.

Communication with Speech Impairment

Utilizing non-verbal cues and clear, simple language promotes effective communication with patients who have speech impairments.

Inflammatory Response Chemicals

Histamine and other mediators are released during inflammation.

Best Position for Comatose Patients

The lateral position is recommended to maintain airway patency and prevent aspiration.

Right Lateral Sim's Position

Pillows should be placed under the head, arms, and legs for comfort and support.

Preventing Foot Drop

Ankle-foot orthosis or heel suspension devices help prevent foot drop in immobile patients.

Proper Patient Lifting Technique

Bending knees engages strong leg muscles and protects the back.

Food Selection Elements

Taste and texture are crucial elements influencing food selection.

Macronutrients

Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are the three main macronutrients essential for health.

Essential Nutrients

Nutrients that must be ingested from food as the body cannot synthesize them include vitamins and minerals.

Chemical in Food, Not a Nutrient

Additives, such as preservatives and flavor enhancers, are chemicals present in food that are not considered nutrients.

Patient Handling

Major concerns include maintaining the patient’s dignity, avoiding injury to the patient and caregiver, and ensuring safety.

Passive Range-of-Motion Exercises

They are performed for patients unable to move their limbs independently to preserve joint function.

Assisting Ambulation

Before ambulating a patient with a cane or walker, ensure safety and proper grip techniques.

Moving Patients with Weak Sides

Position such that the weak side is closest to the caregiver to ensure safety while assisting.

Pillow Positioning in Bed

The pillow should be placed under the head and possibly between the legs for alignment.

Benefits of a Draw Sheet

It helps reduce friction and protect patient skin integrity during movement.

Patient Participation in Movement

Encourage patients to assist by pushing with their arms or legs when repositioned in bed.

Correct Chair Positioning

Ensure the patient is seated with their back supported and feet flat on the ground for proper comfort and alignment.

Body Alignment

Maintaining a straight, symmetrical position in relation to the body enhances comfort and reduces strain.

Good Body Mechanics

Proper techniques reduce the risk of injury; avoiding twisting the back is crucial.

Immobility Effects on Circulation

Prolonged immobility can lead to deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and impaired circulation.

Definition of Prosthesis

A prosthesis is a device designed to replace missing body parts for functionality or cosmetic reasons.

Rehabilitation Process

The goal is to restore and maintain the highest level of ability for individuals recovering from illness or injury.

Adjustable Table Function

A bedside or serving table assists in patient care and meal provision.

Call Light Maintenance

Regular checks ensure proper functionality of the call light for patient safety.

Gatch Handles Position

They should be easily accessible for caregivers to adjust the bed’s position.

Unoccupied Bed Making

Start by removing soiled linens and replacing them with clean ones in a tidy manner.

Patient Bed Elevation

If a patient is in an elevated bed, ensure comfort and safety when assisting them.

Wheelchair with Tray

A geriatric chair or tray table serves as a restraint for patients who may be unsteady.

Transfer Belt Usage

A transfer or gait belt aids in safely moving patients from bed to chair.

Accident Prevention

It is the responsibility of all healthcare providers to ensure patient safety and prevent accidents.

Responding to a Falling Patient

Safely lower the patient down, protecting their head and guiding them gently.

Coughing Patient Care

If a patient is coughing but can breathe, encourage coughing to clear secretions without obstruction.

Digestive System Changes

Report any abnormal digestive symptoms such as severe pain or persistent changes in bowel habits.

Language Use with Wheelchair Patients

Avoid using derogatory or insensitive terms when communicating with individuals in wheelchairs.

Skin Change Observations

Document and report any unusual color, texture, or open lesions on the skin.

Vision Impairment Communication

Ensure clear, verbal instructions and maintain eye contact to enhance understanding.

Communication Barriers

Noise, language differences, and cognitive impairments can hinder effective communication.

Effective Communication

Messages should be clear, concise, and understood by the receiver.

Orientation Program Purpose

It helps individuals relearn their connection to time, place, and personal identity.

Underlying Feelings of Anger

Aggression may stem from fear, frustration, or pain.

Maintaining Daily Routine for Mental Impairments

Consistency aids in reducing anxiety and confusion.

Disoriented Individual

A disoriented person exhibits confusion regarding time, place, or identity.

Compassionate Understanding

It encompasses empathy towards patients' feelings and experiences.

Consequences of Procedure Refusal

Health care workers must inform patients of the repercussions of their choices to ensure informed consent.

Adaptive Equipment Definition

Tools or devices designed to assist with daily living tasks for individuals with disabilities.

Definition of Restraint

A restriction method to limit patient movement, often used for medical safety.

Preparing for Activities

Ensure readiness by addressing physical needs and understanding patient capabilities.

Stress Handling Mechanisms

Coping strategies vary and can include problem-solving, accepting, or avoiding stressors.

Preference for Names

Addressing patients by their chosen names fulfills their need for respect and individuality.

Last Sense to Fade

Hearing is typically the last sense lost before death.

First Grieving Step

Denial is the initial response for individuals processing grief.

Psychological or Psychosocial Needs

These encompass emotional well-being, social interaction, and mental health aspects.

Invasion of Privacy

Exposing a patient's body during care constitutes a violation of personal privacy.

Responding to Pain Medication Requests

Prioritize pain management by informing staff and delegating timely care when busy.

Hand Washing Duration

Recommended hand washing should last at least 20 seconds for effective germ removal.

Hand Dryness from Washing

Frequent washing can lead to dry skin; using hand cream mitigates dryness and irritation.

Germ Presence on Hands

Millions of bacteria can reside on hands at any time.

Germ Transmission Methods

The majority of cold and flu viruses are transmitted through direct contact.

Disease Transmission Prevention

Regular hand hygiene is the single most effective method to prevent illness spread.

CPR Unresponsiveness Check

Assess airway, breathing, and circulation to determine if the patient is unresponsive.

CPR Positioning

The patient should be positioned on their back on a firm surface for effective CPR.

Systolic Blood Pressure

It indicates the pressure in arteries during heartbeats, measured in mmHg.

ABCs of Basic Life Support

A = Airway, B = Breathing, C = Circulation.

Minor Bleeding Control

Apply direct pressure to the wound and elevate the area if possible.

Normal Fluid Intake

Adults should aim for approximately 2 to 3 liters or 8 to 12 cups of fluid daily.

Clear Liquid Diet Restrictions

Foods that are opaque or fibrous, such as milk, are typically excluded from a clear liquid diet.

Dehydration Definition

It occurs when fluid loss exceeds intake, leading to an imbalance.

Intake and Output Recording

All fluid intake and output must be documented to monitor a patient's hydration status.

Waste Removal from Body

The kidneys help filter and excrete waste products through urine.

Normal Urine Characteristics

Clear, pale yellow urine indicates proper hydration and kidney function.

Aging and Kidney Blood Flow

Blood flow to the kidneys generally decreases with age, affecting renal function.

Definition of Incontinence

Incontinence involves the inability to control urination or defecation.

Male Urinal Usage

A urinal is a container used by male patients for urination in bed.

Commode Positioning

When placed on a commode, ensure the patient is comfortable and secure.

Blood Pressure Measurements

In a reading of 120/84, 84 represents the diastolic pressure

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Description

Explore the principles and frameworks that guide ethical decision making. This quiz will test your understanding of various ethical theories and their applications in real-world scenarios.