Ethics: Consequentialism, Deontology, Virtue, and Relativism

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of Utilitarianism?

To follow moral rules strictly

To promote individual freedoms

To maximize positive consequences (correct)

To develop virtuous characters

What distinguishes Deontology from Consequentialism?

It relies on examining virtuous individuals.

It emphasizes following moral laws over consequences. (correct)

It is based solely on cultural perspectives.

It emphasizes the outcome of actions.

In Virtue Ethics, how does one learn to become virtuous?

By strictly adhering to moral codes.

By observing and practicing virtuous behaviors. (correct)

By evaluating the consequences of actions.

By following the preferences of one’s culture.

What is a key characteristic of Relativism in Ethics?

It argues that moral values are subjective and culture-bound. Signup and view all the answers

What action does the Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA) require from federally financed schools?

To implement internet filters to block harmful content. Signup and view all the answers

What does the USA Freedom Act specifically terminate?

Bulk collection of telephone metadata by the NSA Signup and view all the answers

Which act grants the NSA expanded authority to collect international communications?

Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 Amendments Act of 2008 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the OECD for the Protection of Privacy and Transborder Data Flows?

To create guidelines for ethical data treatment Signup and view all the answers

What specific extension did the PATRIOT Sunsets Extension Act grant?

Four-year extension of provisions for roving wiretaps Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)?

Grant citizens access to government information Signup and view all the answers

Which regulation requires EU member countries to protect data transferred to non-EU nations?

GDPR Signup and view all the answers

What do fair information practices typically govern?

The collection and use of personal data Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of copyright does the GATT include?

Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a criterion for something to be considered for a patent?

Must be expensive Signup and view all the answers

What significant change did the Leahy-Smith American Invents Act introduce to the US patent system?

First-to-invent to first-inventor-to-file Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes competitive intelligence?

Legally obtained information to help gain a business advantage Signup and view all the answers

Which stage is NOT part of the Software Development Maturity model?

Implementing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary function of Clinical Decision Support (CDS)?

To enhance health-related decision making Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about Electronic Medical Records (EMR) is correct?

EMR is a collection of health-related information managed by authorized clinicians. Signup and view all the answers

What does HIE stand for in healthcare information systems?

Health Information Exchange Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of artificial intelligence does Natural Language Processing involve?

Understanding and manipulating human languages Signup and view all the answers

What does the Fair Credit Reporting Act primarily regulate?

The operations of credit reporting bureaus Signup and view all the answers

Which act protects financial records from unauthorized scrutiny by the federal government?

Right to Financial Privacy Act Signup and view all the answers

What does the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act require financial institutions to do?

Explain their information-sharing practices Signup and view all the answers

What benefit does the Fair and Accurate Credit Transaction Act offer consumers?

Free credit report annually from each agency Signup and view all the answers

Which law provides students specific rights regarding the release of their educational records?

Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act Signup and view all the answers

What is a requirement under the Children's Online Privacy Protection Rule?

Parental consent for data collection from children under 13 Signup and view all the answers

The Electronic Communications Privacy Act primarily addresses which aspect?

Protection of communication during transit Signup and view all the answers

What does the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act regulate?

Electronic surveillance for foreign intelligence collection Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)?

To promote the use of intellectual property to stimulate innovation and creativity Signup and view all the answers

What does a patent allow an inventor to do?

Exclude the public from making, selling, and using their invention Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is part of the components of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)?

Taking responsibility for the impact of actions on stakeholders Signup and view all the answers

When was the ISO 9001 standard family introduced?

1988 Signup and view all the answers

What is a social audit?

A formal review of company activities and ethical code Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes globalization as presented in the content?

It increases complexity in ethical applications Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Event Data Recorder (EDR)?

To record vehicle and occupant data during a crash Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT stated as a reason for an organization to adopt CSR?

To increase profits at any expense Signup and view all the answers

What is the Fair Use Doctrine?

An allowance for specific uses of copyrighted material without penalty Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main parts of a code of ethics?

Organizational aspirations and expected principles for members Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of CPOE in healthcare?

Streamlines the ordering process Signup and view all the answers

What does the store-and-forward telemedicine model involve?

Gathering data and transmitting it for later evaluation Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of employers use social media to research job candidates?

60% Signup and view all the answers

What is coemployment?

A situation where two employers share responsibility for an employee Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a whistle-blowing process?

To attract attention to unethical or illegal actions Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of green computing?

To reduce hazardous materials and lower power costs Signup and view all the answers

What does EPEAT stand for?

Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool Signup and view all the answers

What primary concern relates to data accuracy?

Who is responsible for ensuring data accuracy? Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Consequentialism/Utilitarianism

Maximize positive outcomes
A subset of consequentialism
Example: donating to charity to feed the hungry

Deontology

An action is good if it follows moral rules/commands
Opposed to consequentialism
Consequences are irrelevant; following the moral law matters
Example: not lying, even if it produces a good outcome

Virtue Ethics

An ethical system based on education
Observe virtuous people
Practice virtuous actions to become virtuous
Example: reading about courageous people, and practicing courage

Relativism

All ethical frameworks are subjective
Anchored in time and place; no absolute right or wrong
Example: some cultures value individual freedom, others don't

Ethical Decision-Making Model

Develop problem statements
Identify alternative solutions
Select the best alternative
Implement the decision

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Description

This quiz explores key ethical theories such as consequentialism, deontology, virtue ethics, and relativism. Each concept is defined, with examples to illustrate their principles and implications in ethical decision-making. Test your understanding of these frameworks and how they guide moral choices in various contexts.