Ethics: Consequentialism, Deontology, Virtue, and Relativism
47 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of Utilitarianism?

  • To follow moral rules strictly
  • To promote individual freedoms
  • To maximize positive consequences (correct)
  • To develop virtuous characters

What distinguishes Deontology from Consequentialism?

  • It relies on examining virtuous individuals.
  • It emphasizes following moral laws over consequences. (correct)
  • It is based solely on cultural perspectives.
  • It emphasizes the outcome of actions.

In Virtue Ethics, how does one learn to become virtuous?

  • By strictly adhering to moral codes.
  • By observing and practicing virtuous behaviors. (correct)
  • By evaluating the consequences of actions.
  • By following the preferences of one’s culture.

What is a key characteristic of Relativism in Ethics?

<p>It argues that moral values are subjective and culture-bound. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action does the Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA) require from federally financed schools?

<p>To implement internet filters to block harmful content. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the USA Freedom Act specifically terminate?

<p>Bulk collection of telephone metadata by the NSA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which act grants the NSA expanded authority to collect international communications?

<p>Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 Amendments Act of 2008 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the OECD for the Protection of Privacy and Transborder Data Flows?

<p>To create guidelines for ethical data treatment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific extension did the PATRIOT Sunsets Extension Act grant?

<p>Four-year extension of provisions for roving wiretaps (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)?

<p>Grant citizens access to government information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which regulation requires EU member countries to protect data transferred to non-EU nations?

<p>GDPR (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do fair information practices typically govern?

<p>The collection and use of personal data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of copyright does the GATT include?

<p>Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a criterion for something to be considered for a patent?

<p>Must be expensive (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant change did the Leahy-Smith American Invents Act introduce to the US patent system?

<p>First-to-invent to first-inventor-to-file (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes competitive intelligence?

<p>Legally obtained information to help gain a business advantage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage is NOT part of the Software Development Maturity model?

<p>Implementing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary function of Clinical Decision Support (CDS)?

<p>To enhance health-related decision making (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about Electronic Medical Records (EMR) is correct?

<p>EMR is a collection of health-related information managed by authorized clinicians. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does HIE stand for in healthcare information systems?

<p>Health Information Exchange (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of artificial intelligence does Natural Language Processing involve?

<p>Understanding and manipulating human languages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Fair Credit Reporting Act primarily regulate?

<p>The operations of credit reporting bureaus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which act protects financial records from unauthorized scrutiny by the federal government?

<p>Right to Financial Privacy Act (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act require financial institutions to do?

<p>Explain their information-sharing practices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What benefit does the Fair and Accurate Credit Transaction Act offer consumers?

<p>Free credit report annually from each agency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which law provides students specific rights regarding the release of their educational records?

<p>Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a requirement under the Children's Online Privacy Protection Rule?

<p>Parental consent for data collection from children under 13 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Electronic Communications Privacy Act primarily addresses which aspect?

<p>Protection of communication during transit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act regulate?

<p>Electronic surveillance for foreign intelligence collection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)?

<p>To promote the use of intellectual property to stimulate innovation and creativity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a patent allow an inventor to do?

<p>Exclude the public from making, selling, and using their invention (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is part of the components of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)?

<p>Taking responsibility for the impact of actions on stakeholders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was the ISO 9001 standard family introduced?

<p>1988 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a social audit?

<p>A formal review of company activities and ethical code (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes globalization as presented in the content?

<p>It increases complexity in ethical applications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Event Data Recorder (EDR)?

<p>To record vehicle and occupant data during a crash (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT stated as a reason for an organization to adopt CSR?

<p>To increase profits at any expense (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Fair Use Doctrine?

<p>An allowance for specific uses of copyrighted material without penalty (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main parts of a code of ethics?

<p>Organizational aspirations and expected principles for members (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of CPOE in healthcare?

<p>Streamlines the ordering process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the store-and-forward telemedicine model involve?

<p>Gathering data and transmitting it for later evaluation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of employers use social media to research job candidates?

<p>60% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is coemployment?

<p>A situation where two employers share responsibility for an employee (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a whistle-blowing process?

<p>To attract attention to unethical or illegal actions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of green computing?

<p>To reduce hazardous materials and lower power costs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does EPEAT stand for?

<p>Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary concern relates to data accuracy?

<p>Who is responsible for ensuring data accuracy? (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Consequentialism/Utilitarianism

An ethical system where the goodness of an action is determined by its consequences; focusing on maximizing positive outcomes. Utilitarianism is a subset of Consequentialism

Deontology

An action is good if it follows from moral rules/commands

Opposed to consequentialism

Consequences dont matter, following the moral law matters

Ex. Dont lie, even if it would have a good outcome

Virtue Ethics

This approach emphasizes character development by observing, practicing, and becoming virtuous.

Relativism

The belief that ethical values are relative to individual cultures and time periods, with no absolute right or wrong.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ethical Decision Making Model

A structured process for making ethical decisions Develop Problem Statement – define problem

Identify alternatives – different ways to solve problem Choose an alternative – choose your best solution Implement decision Evaluate results

Signup and view all the flashcards

FCRA (Fair Credit Reporting Act)

Regulates the operations of credit reporting agencies in the US.

Signup and view all the flashcards

RTFPA (Right to Financial Privacy Act)

Protects the financial records of individuals from unauthorized access by government agencies.

Signup and view all the flashcards

GLBA (Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act)

Requires financial institutions to be transparent about their data sharing practices with their customers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

FACTA (Fair and Accurate Credit Transaction Act)

Allows consumers to request a free credit report from each of the three major credit reporting agencies annually.

Signup and view all the flashcards

HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)

Defines standards to improve health insurance coverage portability, reduce fraud, and protect patient information.

Signup and view all the flashcards

FISA (Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act)

Outlines procedures for the government to legally collect foreign intelligence information.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Executive Order 12333

Guides government intelligence agencies on what information they can collect, retain, and share.

Signup and view all the flashcards

ECPA (Electronic Communications Privacy Act)

Protects communication while it's being sent from a sender to a receiver.

Signup and view all the flashcards

USA PATRIOT Act

A US law that expanded the government's surveillance powers, particularly in the context of terrorism. It allowed for roving wiretaps, access to business records, and surveillance of individuals suspected of terrorism.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) Amendments Act of 2008

This act amended the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) in 2008. It significantly expanded the National Security Agency's (NSA) authority to collect international communications that transit through US telecommunication networks.

Signup and view all the flashcards

PATRIOT Sunsets Extension Act

A US law that extended provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act, which allowed 'roving wiretaps' and searches of business records. It also extended the authorization for surveillance of 'lone wolves'.

Signup and view all the flashcards

USA Freedom Act

A US law that terminated the bulk collection of telephone metadata by the NSA. Instead, telecommunications carriers were required to hold the data and respond to NSA queries for specific data.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fair Information Practices

A set of guidelines that aim to govern the collection and use of personal data. It emphasizes ethical and responsible handling of data.

Signup and view all the flashcards

OECD Guidelines for the Protection of Privacy and Transborder Data Flows of Personal Data

Established by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), these principles are often considered the model for organizations to adopt for the ethical handling of consumer data.

Signup and view all the flashcards

General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

A regulation in the European Union (EU) that requires all member countries to protect personal data transferred to countries outside the EU. It sets stringent standards for data protection.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)

A US law that grants US citizens the right to access certain information and records of the federal government upon request.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fair Use

A legal concept that considers various factors to determine fair use of copyrighted material, including the purpose and character of the use, nature of the copyrighted work, portion used, and effect on the original work's value.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Leahy-Smith American Invents Act

This act shifted the US patent system from rewarding the first to invent to the first to file a patent application, incentivizing faster innovation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI)

A framework of best practices to enhance an organization's processes. It guides companies to improve their operations and achieve consistent outcomes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Competitive Intelligence

The process of using legally obtained information to gain a competitive advantage in the marketplace.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Electronic Health Record (EHR)

The electronic version of a patient's health record, maintained by healthcare providers, containing complete medical history.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Health Information Exchange (HIE)

The exchange of patient health information between different healthcare organizations, aiming for better care coordination and cost reduction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE)

A system that helps physicians electronically order medications, tests, and therapies, eliminating manual processes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Clinical Decision Support (CDS)

A set of tools and processes designed to improve decision-making in healthcare, considering clinical knowledge and patient-specific data.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

An organization's commitment to operating ethically and considering the impact of its actions on stakeholders like customers, employees, and the environment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Social audit

A formal assessment of a company's practices, procedures, and code of conduct to ensure ethical conduct.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Code of ethics

A set of principles and values that guide ethical decision-making within an organization.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)

The process of evaluating potential failures in a system or process to determine their impact and find ways to prevent them.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation (SLAPP)

A lawsuit filed against individuals or groups who criticize a corporation or government, aiming to silence them.

Signup and view all the flashcards

John Doe Lawsuit

A lawsuit that allows organizations to seek information about anonymous internet users who they believe have caused harm.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fair use doctrine

A legal doctrine that allows limited use of copyrighted material without permission for purposes like criticism, commentary, teaching, and research.

Signup and view all the flashcards

ISO 9001

A set of standards that provide guidance for quality products, services, and management systems.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Event data recorder (EDR)

A device that records vehicle and occupant data before, during, and after a crash.

Signup and view all the flashcards

US-CERT

A partnership between the government and private sector to protect the nation's internet infrastructure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

CPOE (Computerized Physician Order Entry)

A process that streamlines the ordering of medical tests and treatments electronically, reducing errors, and improving efficiency.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Store-and-Forward Telemedicine

A method of telemedicine where patient data (images, sound, video) is collected and sent to a specialist for later evaluation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Social Media Candidate Research

The practice of employers researching job candidates on social media, often leading to negative impressions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

SORNA (Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act)

A federal law that sets national standards for sex offender registration, requiring certain offenders to register and providing a database of their information.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Coemployment

A situation where two employers share legal and ethical responsibilities for the same employee or group of employees.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Contingent Workers

Temporary workers employed for short-term projects or assignments, often with limited commitment to the company.

Signup and view all the flashcards

H-1B Visa

A temporary work visa granted by the US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) to individuals with specialized skills working in a specific occupation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Whistle-blowing

The act of exposing illegal, unethical, or dangerous practices within a company to public attention.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Consequentialism/Utilitarianism

  • Maximize positive outcomes
  • A subset of consequentialism
  • Example: donating to charity to feed the hungry

Deontology

  • An action is good if it follows moral rules/commands
  • Opposed to consequentialism
  • Consequences are irrelevant; following the moral law matters
  • Example: not lying, even if it produces a good outcome

Virtue Ethics

  • An ethical system based on education
  • Observe virtuous people
  • Practice virtuous actions to become virtuous
  • Example: reading about courageous people, and practicing courage

Relativism

  • All ethical frameworks are subjective
  • Anchored in time and place; no absolute right or wrong
  • Example: some cultures value individual freedom, others don't

Ethical Decision-Making Model

  • Develop problem statements
  • Identify alternative solutions
  • Select the best alternative
  • Implement the decision

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Ethical Decision-Making Models PDF

Description

This quiz explores key ethical theories such as consequentialism, deontology, virtue ethics, and relativism. Each concept is defined, with examples to illustrate their principles and implications in ethical decision-making. Test your understanding of these frameworks and how they guide moral choices in various contexts.

More Like This

Ethical Theories and Moral Philosophy Quiz
3 questions

Ethical Theories and Moral Philosophy Quiz

SubstantiveHonor avatar
SubstantiveHonor
Exploring Ethical Theories: Utilitarianism, Virtue Ethics, Deontology, and More
12 questions

Exploring Ethical Theories: Utilitarianism, Virtue Ethics, Deontology,...

FragrantMelodica avatar
FragrantMelodica
Fundamentals
115 questions

Fundamentals

StateOfTheArtSnowflakeObsidian avatar
StateOfTheArtSnowflakeObsidian
External vs. Internal Authority in Ethics
21 questions

External vs. Internal Authority in Ethics

SensationalPanPipes7563 avatar
SensationalPanPipes7563
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser