Ethics for the Information Age Chapter 5

What are the four ways in which computers, databases, and the Internet enable ever-improving information?

The English common law tradition states that "A man's home is his castle" in regards to privacy.

The Third Amendment of the US Constitution safeguards against unwarranted searches of private property by government officials.

What is the main argument in favor of a natural right to privacy?

What is the main argument against a natural right to privacy?

Judith Jarvis Thomson believes that privacy is a natural right that should be codified in law.

A prudential right is a right that everyone is inherently entitled to, regardless of societal benefit.

In what way does modern life present a challenge to privacy?

The US government requires all cellphone service providers to track the locations of their customers with a range of 100 meters.

The use of Facebook Login to access third-party apps allows developers to gain access to a user's friends list.

OnStar provides subscribers with two-way communication and GPS functionalities alongside emergency, security, and diagnostic services.

Explain what "secondary use" is in the context of data collection.

Google uses data mining to collect information about its users' online behavior.

Google's "Privacy Checkup" allows users to completely erase all personal data collected by Google.

The "opt-in" approach requires users to explicitly grant permission for data to be shared.

The "opt-out" approach requires users to explicitly deny permission for data to be shared.

Targeted direct mail involves businesses advertising to specific individuals based on their personal preferences and interests.

Mic targeting involves utilizing data about voters to tailor campaigns to their specific values and concerns.

Social Network Analysis gathers information from social media platforms to understand the dynamics and behaviors of users.

Facebook's "Privacy Settings" allow users to restrict who can access their friends list, view future posts, and look them up using their email or phone number.

Facebook's "Ads - Based On" section reveals that Facebook collects and uses information about its users' relationship status, employer, education, and even social actions.

The Netflix Prize was canceled after it was revealed that users' movie ratings were not truly anonymous.

The Lotus Development Corporation faced legal action from users after they released sensitive personal data.

Facebook Beacon was initially launched as an "opt-in" service, meaning users had to explicitly consent to the sharing of their purchase information with their friends.

Facebook switched to an "opt-in" model for Facebook Beacon after a public backlash.

In 2011, two malls recorded shoppers' movements using their cell phones to analyze visitor patterns.

Path, an app that uploaded iPhone address books without permission in 2012, was acquired by Instagram after the controversy.

Cambridge Analytica, a data analytics firm, was accused of acquiring data from Facebook users without their consent.

The data gathered by Cambridge Analytica was used for both political campaigning and commercial marketing.

The Cambridge Analytica scandal led to Facebook facing scrutiny from US Congress and Mark Zuckerberg testifying for 10 hours in front of congressional committees.

Cambridge Analytica ceased operations and filed for bankruptcy after facing extensive criticism and legal challenges.

Information technology has made it more difficult to collect and transmit personal information.

Public records are considered information that everyone has the right to access.

Companies often collect more information about their customers than is necessary for their primary purposes, with some pushing the boundaries of social tolerance.