Ethics for Business and Technology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What enabled humanity to enter into history?

  • The exponential growth of human populations.
  • The development of centralized bureaucratic states.
  • The invention of writing in Mesopotamia.
  • The ability to record events and transmit information for future use. (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the information age, according to the text?

  • Increased dependence on information management.
  • Exponential growth of information.
  • The development of new technologies for information storage and transmission.
  • The emergence of centralized bureaucratic states. (correct)

What is the author's main point concerning the Bronze Age?

  • The Bronze Age was the first time humanity experienced an information society. (correct)
  • The invention of writing in the Bronze Age led to the first centralized bureaucratic states.
  • Bronze Age societies were highly advanced in their management of information.
  • The Bronze Age was a time of significant social and technological change.

What is a "Lamarckian" way of information transmission?

<p>The transmission of information through cultural learning. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the example of the library in Ur illustrate?

<p>The existence of information societies in ancient times. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between ancient information societies and the modern information age?

<p>The role of information in human progress and welfare. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of "hyperhistory" as implied by the text?

<p>A period of unprecedented information growth. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the author's perspective on the relationship between information and human progress?

<p>Information is necessary for but not the sole driver of human progress. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the early Sumerian ICTs and the ICTs that evolved between the times of Johann Gutenberg and Alan Turing?

<p>Early Sumerian ICTs were used for recording and transmitting information, while later ICTs evolved to include processing capabilities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what is the key characteristic of the current era that distinguishes it from previous historical periods?

<p>The current era is characterized by a dramatic transformation in human behavior and societal structures due to rapid technological advancements. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the content, what are the potential implications of the 4th Industrial Revolution for business?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The content emphasizes the impact of the 4th Industrial Revolution on various aspects of life. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a key area of influence?

<p>The role of family and personal relationships. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main point of difference between cultural relativism and cultural imperialism?

<p>Cultural relativism recognizes the diversity of moral values across cultures while cultural imperialism asserts the superiority of a particular culture. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements BEST describes the evolution of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) as presented in the content?

<p>ICTs have undergone a gradual and continuous evolution from simple recording and transmitting to complex processing capabilities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the author, what is the defining characteristic of the current era, as compared to previous historical periods?

<p>The current era is characterized by a rapid acceleration in technological development, leading to a profound shift in human experience. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the provided text, how does cultural imperialism manifest in a business context?

<p>It involves businesses imposing their own culture and values on employees and customers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key argument presented by the author about the 4th Industrial Revolution and its significance?

<p>The 4th Industrial Revolution is a crucial historical event that is reshaping our way of living, working, and conducting business. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern about relying solely on consensus in a pluralistic worldview?

<p>Consensus can easily lead to the suppression of minority viewpoints. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the 4th Industrial Revolution, what is the implication of the statement "It impacts the concept of moral agency in business"?

<p>The 4th Industrial Revolution is creating new ethical challenges for businesses that need to navigate the implications of advanced technologies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea behind universalism, as described in the text?

<p>Universalism accepts the existence of diverse values while emphasizing the importance of finding common universal moral principles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the case about a team leader in a country where women are not granted leadership roles illustrate?

<p>The need for cultural sensitivity and adaptation when working in different cultures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, what is the key takeaway regarding moral rules across different cultures?

<p>There is a fundamental agreement on the larger moral rules despite variations in exceptions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between cultural relativism and pluralism?

<p>Cultural relativism emphasizes the existence of diverse values while pluralism seeks to find common ground. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these examples best exemplifies cultural imperialism?

<p>A government imposing its own language and educational system on a colonized territory. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle outlines the importance of companies promoting the use of environmentally friendly technologies?

<p>Principle 9 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the UN Convention against Corruption?

<p>To establish a framework for businesses to combat corruption by promoting transparency and accountability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a principle related to labor practices according to the provided information?

<p>Promoting fair trade practices and ethical sourcing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided, under which principle would a company's efforts to reduce its carbon footprint fall?

<p>Principle 8 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle highlights the importance of businesses avoiding complicity in human rights abuses?

<p>Principle 2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which international declaration or convention primarily focuses on the protection of internationally recognized human rights?

<p>Universal Declaration of Human Rights (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year did the International Labour Organization (ILO) begin its operations?

<p>1919 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the first task that the International Labour Organization (ILO) undertook?

<p>Setting standards for working hours. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge to business ethics highlighted by Mele' (2009)?

<p>The clash between different cultural values and workplace norms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the two instances where, according to Mele', cultural diversity poses a challenge to business ethics.

<p>When personal values clash with organizational values, and when a company operates in a culturally diverse environment with conflicting values. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern regarding the clash of cultural values in business ethics?

<p>The potential for misunderstandings and conflicts between employees from different cultures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following approaches to intercultural business ethics suggests that universal principles should always be followed, regardless of local norms?

<p>Universalism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The phrase "When in Rome, do as the Romans do" is most closely associated with which approach to intercultural business ethics?

<p>Cultural Relativism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach to intercultural business ethics emphasizes finding common ground and shared values among different cultures?

<p>Cultural Pluralism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following phrases BEST exemplifies the idea of Cultural Imperialism?

<p>Bring the law which is in your country (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate approach to managing ethical challenges arising from cultural diversity?

<p>Striving to find a balance between respecting cultural differences and upholding universal moral principles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Schwab (2017), what is one of the effects of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on business across industries?

<p>A shift in customer expectations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, as indicated in the provided text?

<p>Integration of digitalization and internet-based technologies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the given information, what is the impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on the condition of women and children in the working class?

<p>No mention is made of the impact on women and children (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the author's main argument regarding the impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on wealth inequality?

<p>The Fourth Industrial Revolution will primarily benefit those who own capital (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a characteristic of the Third Industrial Revolution (late 20th Century)?

<p>Mechanization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which author is cited in the text as discussing the impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on business?

<p>Schwab (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the book 'AI Ethics' by Coeckelbergh?

<p>The ethical considerations surrounding artificial intelligence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided, what is a key difference between the First and Fourth Industrial Revolutions?

<p>The level of automation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Information Recording

Systems developed to record events and transmit information for future use.

Lamarckian Evolution

A concept where knowledge and lessons evolve through successive generations, not just biologically.

Information Age

A period where information management becomes crucial for progress and welfare.

Bronze Age Writing

The era starting in the 4th millennium BC marked by the invention of writing in Mesopotamia.

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City State of Ur

An ancient city known for its advanced bureaucracy and large library of clay tablets.

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Clay Tablets

Ancient records used for inventories, transactions, and administrative purposes.

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Information Lifecycle Management

The process of managing information effectively from creation to disposal.

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Human Progress and Information

Modern advancements are increasingly reliant on effective information management.

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Sumerian ICTs

Information and communication technologies from ancient Sumer that allowed recording and transmitting data.

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Agricultural technologies

Technologies developed to improve farming efficiency and productivity.

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Processing capabilities of ICTs

The advanced functions of information and communication technologies that emerged over time.

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4th Industrial Revolution

A current era defined by groundbreaking technological advancements affecting various sectors.

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Global impact

The widespread effect of the 4th Industrial Revolution on economies and societies worldwide.

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Redefining production and consumption

How the 4th Industrial Revolution changes the way goods are produced and consumed.

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Hyperhistory

A concept referring to a transformation in historical understanding due to advancements in technology.

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Moral agency in business

The concept that businesses must consider ethical implications in their operations during the 4th Industrial Revolution.

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Fourth Industrial Revolution

A period of rapid technological advancement, transforming industries through digital technologies.

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Impact on customer expectations

Shifting demands of customers influenced by new technologies and innovations.

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Data-enhanced products

Products improved through data usage, leading to increased productivity and efficiency.

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New partnerships

Formation of collaborations among companies to leverage new technologies and solutions.

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Transformed operating models

Shift from traditional methods to digital frameworks for conducting business.

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Wealth inequality

Growing financial divide between those who own capital and those who rely on labor.

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Intellectual capital

The knowledge, expertise, and creativity of individuals that contribute to innovation.

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AI Ethics

The principles governing the moral implications of artificial intelligence technologies.

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Cultural Diversity

The variety of cultural or ethnic groups within a society.

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Business Ethics

The principles and standards that guide behavior in the workplace.

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Moral Conflict

A situation where personal beliefs clash with workplace culture.

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Cultural Environment

The local cultural values influencing a company's operations.

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Cultural Relativism

The belief that a person's beliefs and activities should be understood based on that person's own culture.

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Cultural Pluralism

A situation in which multiple distinct cultural groups coexist and maintain their cultural differences.

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Cultural Imperialism

The practice of promoting one culture at the expense of another.

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Universal Principles

Ethical standards that apply universally, regardless of culture.

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Consensus in Pluralism

Agreement on basic principles among diverse moral backgrounds in a social context.

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Universalism

The belief in universally accepted principles despite cultural differences.

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Moral Rules Across Cultures

Fundamental moral rules, like banning lying and murder, are similar across cultures.

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Exception to Rules

Cultural disagreements often arise about what constitutes exceptions to universal rules.

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Neo-Colonialism in Business

The practice of imposing one's culture in a business context, similar to colonial domination.

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Cultural Adaptation Challenge

The ethical dilemma of imposing one's culture in a different cultural context, like gender roles.

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Human Rights Principle 1

Businesses should support and respect the protection of internationally proclaimed human rights.

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Human Rights Principle 2

Businesses must ensure they are not complicit in human rights abuses.

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Labour Principle 3

Businesses should uphold the freedom of association and collective bargaining rights.

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Labour Principle 4

The elimination of all forms of forced and compulsory labour is necessary.

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Labour Principle 5

Effective abolition of child labour is essential for ethical practices.

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Labour Principle 6

Elimination of discrimination in employment and occupation is key.

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Environmental Principle 7

Support a precautionary approach to environmental challenges.

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Anti-Corruption Principle 10

Businesses should work against corruption, including extortion and bribery.

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Study Notes

Course Title and Instructor

  • Course Title: Ethics for Business and Technology
  • Course Code: BAA1029
  • Instructor: Dr. Marta Rocchi
  • Year: 2025

Course Outline

  • Fourth Industrial Revolution: The Context of Business Today
  • Cultural Diversity
  • Cultural Relativism, Cultural Imperialism, Pluralism and Universalism
  • International Standards for Business
  • International Standards for Technology

References

  • Coeckelbergh, M. (2020). AI Ethics. The MIT Press.
  • Davenport, T. H., & Miller, S. M. (2022). Working with Al: Real Stories of Human-Machine Collaboration. The MIT Press.
  • Floridi, L. (2014). The 4th Revolution: How the Infosphere Is Reshaping Human Reality. Oxford University Press.
  • Schwab, K. (2017). The Fourth Industrial Revolution. Penguin.

Time – Prehistory, History, Hyperhistory

  • Chapter 1 of the book was explained in class as context for the module.
  • The invention and development of ICTs (information and communication technologies) marked a significant threshold in human history, differentiating prehistory, history, and hyperhistory.
  • The ability to record events and accumulate information allowed for the exponential growth of knowledge and human progress.
  • History is synonymous with the information age
  • The concept of hyperhistory suggests our current dependence on ICTs.

Importance of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in Business

  • The 4th Industrial Revolution is transforming business, our way of living, and working, and has a global impact.
  • It alters production, consumption, transportation, and delivery systems.
  • The impact spans society, government, and education.
  • Moral agency is affected by the influence of this revolution.

Why Study the Fourth Industrial Revolution?

  • It provides context for business operations today.
  • It's altering how business is conducted globally.
  • This era reshapes industries with new possibilities.

Impact of The Fourth Industrial Revolution on Business

  • Customer expectations are changing due to data-enhanced products. Increased productivity comes from optimized asset management.
  • New business partnerships emerge due to a greater understanding of collaboration.
  • Business operating models are being transformed into new digital models.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Inequality

  • The 4th IR primarily benefits providers of intellectual and physical capital (innovators, investors, and shareholders).
  • This disproportionate benefit creates a widening gap between those relying on labor and those with capital.

AI Technology (Chapter 5)

  • The discussion about AI is largely dependent on deep disagreements surrounding the nature of humans.

The Impact on Human Work

  • Work is not just about performing tasks, but an empowering practice.

Cultural Diversity

  • Cultural diversity is a significant factor in business ethics.
  • Different social and cultural environments influence business conduct.
  • Ethical challenges arise when cultural beliefs and values clash with the dominant workplace culture.

Cultural Relativism

  • Ethical relativism rejects the existence of universal values and considers moral principles relative to specific cultural contexts.
  • Practical shortcomings exist in adopting this perspective.

Cultural Imperialism

  • An attitude opposite to cultural relativism, this involves a powerful foreign culture imposing its values on native cultures.
  • Cultural imperialism within business activity is considered neo-colonialism.

Pluralism

  • Accepts different moral convictions and backgrounds, aiming to reach consensus on fundamental principles.

Universalism

  • Recognizing the existence of diverse values while acknowledging universal principles applicable across cultures.

Common Moral Intuitions

  • Human dignity
  • Treating others how we want to be treated (Golden Rule)
  • Stewardship for the environment (responsibility to care for the environment).

Recognizing Common Moral Intuitions

  • Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)

International Standards for Business

  • The UN Global Compact
  • Principles for Responsible Management Education
  • The International Labour Organization Standards

EU AI Act 2024

  • Categorizes risks associated with AI systems.

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Future of Work and Cultural Diversity BAA1029 PDF

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