Ethics: Determinism and Free Will

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Questions and Answers

According to determinism, what is the belief about every event?

  • Every event is predetermined by human decisions.
  • Every event has a cause. (correct)
  • Every event is random.
  • Every event is a result of free will.

What is the primary inquiry posed by Henry Sidgwick related to determinism?

  • Whether voluntary actions are completely determined by character and external influences (correct)
  • Whether voluntary actions are beyond human understanding
  • Whether voluntary actions are completely random
  • Whether voluntary actions are predetermined by free will

In the determinist perspective of Baron d’Holbach, what does nature command man's life to be?

  • A result of free will
  • A line that man can deviate from at any moment
  • A line without any predetermined path (correct)
  • A series of calculated events

According to determinism, what influences a person's voluntary action?

<p>A combination of past actions and external influences (B)</p>
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What does determinism suggest about the calculation of a person's volition based on their character and external influences?

<p>It can be certainly calculated by anyone who knows the person's character and the forces acting on them (C)</p>
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In determinism, what is the nature of man's life according to Baron d’Holbach?

<p>A predetermined path without deviation (C)</p>
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According to Baron d’Holbach, what does he believe about a person's organization and habits?

<p>They are influenced and determined by external causes beyond the individual's control. (C)</p>
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According to d’Holbach, what does he say about a person's will and action?

<p>They are influenced by external motives that act upon the person's senses. (D)</p>
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How does d’Holbach describe the nature of a person's will in relation to external influences?

<p>The will is a modification of the brain determined by external qualities of objects or motives. (D)</p>
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What is Skinner's view of a person's behavior, according to the text?

<p>Behavior is to some extent the individual's own achievement. (D)</p>
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In what way does d’Holbach believe a person's will and action are influenced?

<p>By both internal and external motives acting upon the person's senses. (C)</p>
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According to d’Holbach, what has the power to shape a person's habits and way of thinking?

<p>External causes beyond the individual's control (B)</p>
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How does d’Holbach describe a person's mode of existence and actions?

<p>Unceasingly modified by causes, both visible and concealed (A)</p>
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According to d’Holbach, how does a person’s will respond to new causes or ideas?

<p>The will changes according to new causes or ideas, modifying the brain and determining new actions (C)</p>
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What does d’Holbach believe about man’s freedom of action, according to the text?

<p>Man has limited freedom due to external influences beyond his control (B)</p>
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How does d’Holbach describe the influence of reflection, experience, and reason on a person’s will?

<p>They suspend or arrest the action of man’s will, preventing it from following the anterior impulse (A)</p>
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