03 - Ethics Decision-Making Model
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Questions and Answers

Which ethical approach emphasizes the importance of the consequences of an action when resolving a dilemma?

  • Deontological Ethics
  • Virtue Ethics
  • Utilitarianism (correct)
  • Care Ethics

What key aspect differentiates Deontological Ethics from Utilitarianism?

  • Preference for emotional responses
  • Consideration of all stakeholders' needs
  • Focus on the outcomes of actions
  • Emphasis on duty and moral rules (correct)

Which strategy is best described as thinking beyond conventional methods to find a solution to an ethical dilemma?

  • Rational decision-making
  • Creative problem-solving (correct)
  • Intuitive decision-making
  • Consensus building

Which of the following statements reflects a professional code of conduct in the decision-making process?

<p>Incorporate empathy and moral principles in your decisions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When facing competing actions and inconclusive rational approaches, what does the text indicate should be consulted?

<p>Personal feelings or gut instincts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach emphasizes the consequences of actions in determining ethical decisions?

<p>Utilitarianism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor to consider when identifying consequences for stakeholders in decision-making?

<p>The subjective perception of consequences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the deontological approach prioritize in ethical decision-making?

<p>Adherence to duties and obligations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can one ensure that an action option can be considered suitable for universal application?

<p>By ensuring it does not breach any specific duties or values (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical framework encourages individuals to reflect on the type of person they wish to become?

<p>Virtue Ethics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In applying the duties, obligations, and values approach, what is crucial to identify first?

<p>Specific duties owed and the principles behind them (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect is not typically considered when using a utilitarian approach to decision-making?

<p>Individual rights (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element could enhance ethical decision-making in a professional context?

<p>Consulting a code of conduct (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of consequentialism in ethical decision-making?

<p>Evaluating the outcomes to determine the net good for stakeholders. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In contrast to consequentialism, what does deontological ethics emphasize?

<p>Adhering to prescribed moral duties and principles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach best describes the method of identifying stakeholders' wants and interests?

<p>Stakeholder Mapping (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a vital aspect of creative problem-solving in ethical dilemmas?

<p>Generating a wide range of potential action options. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should one evaluate action options according to prescriptive reasoning?

<p>By identifying potential consequences and their impacts on stakeholders. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key characteristic distinguishes ethical dilemmas from regular decision-making situations?

<p>The presence of a right versus wrong conflict. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are professional codes of conduct primarily designed to ensure?

<p>The adherence to ethical standards in professional practice. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'net good' as used in ethical decision-making?

<p>The overall impact of an action considering all stakeholders involved. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Stakeholder Consequences

Analyzing the positive and negative effects on all involved parties (individuals, groups, organizations) from a decision.

Deontological Approach

Making decisions based on duties, obligations, and personal values.

Duties & Obligations

Specific responsibilities to others or groups related to values like honesty and promise keeping.

Universalizability

Considering if a decision or principle is applicable in all similar situations for all people.

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Virtue Ethics

Evaluating actions based on the type of person you want to be.

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Values/Principles

Core beliefs or standards that guide ethical decisions, like compassion, loyalty, fairness, or honesty.

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High Probability Consequence

An outcome that is very likely to happen from a certain decision.

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Action Option

A possible course of action or solution to a problem.

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Ethical Dilemma Resolution

Finding a solution that satisfies most involved parties, considering the consequences and potential ethical pitfalls.

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Delaying Decision-Making

Postponing a decision to consider all options without seriously harming stakeholders.

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External Input

Seeking advice from individuals or groups outside of your existing network.

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Creative Problem Solving

Finding innovative and acceptable solutions to a difficulty by avoiding known ethical pitfalls.

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Gut Check

Using your intuition to assess a decision for its suitability after applying rational methods.

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Ethical Dilemma

A situation requiring a difficult decision impacting people's dignity, rights, or hopes for a better life, going beyond simple personal or business decisions.

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Stakeholder

Any person or group affected by and/or involved with a decision. Their interests should be considered.

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Consequentialism

Making decisions based on the outcomes for the most people. Focus is on maximizing the good.

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Stakeholder Interests

What each stakeholder wants AND why they want it. Crucial for ethical decision-making.

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Action Options

Possible courses of action to resolve an ethical dilemma. Crucial to have variety.

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Fact Gathering

Collecting all relevant information needed to solve an ethical dilemma.

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Issue Identification

Recognizing the core ethical problems or conflicts involved in a situation.

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Intuition & Feelings

Inner sense or gut feeling, important data in ethical decision-making process.

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Study Notes

Modified Trevino & Nelson Ethical Decision-Making Model

  • This model is a modified version of the ethical decision-making model from the text Managing Business Ethics (2014) by Trevino & Nelson.

Step 1: Get the Facts

  • Crucial step in any decision-making process.
  • Avoid jumping to conclusions without gathering all pertinent facts.
  • Be aware of potential biases (emotional or personal) in data collection and analysis.
  • Remain objective and neutral.
  • Be alert for misinterpreted or missing facts.
  • Continuously update facts and inferences.
  • Important to consider what facts are missing, how to obtain missing information, and if acting prematurely is justified.
  • Fact-finding process can sometimes lead to a more creative solution.
  • Consider delaying action if needed to gather more data.

Step 2: Identify & Define the Ethical Issues

  • Crucial step, sometimes done after getting all the facts.
  • Be aware if ethical issues are present or not.
  • Identify all perspectives of the issue.
  • Understanding ethical issues is crucial for ethical decision-making.
  • Failing to identify an ethical issue is a common reason ethical lapses occur.
  • Identify all stakeholders and their perspectives.
  • Ask "Why am I so conflicted about this situation/decision"?

Step 3: Identify the Stakeholders

  • Identify all individuals and groups affected by the decision.
  • Understand their needs and interests (position and motives).
  • Understand what each stakeholder wants and why they want it.
  • Use the outcome of this step for the ethical decision-making process.

Step 4: Identify Action Options & Test Them

  • Develop creative action options.
  • If possible, ethically avoid the conflict entirely.
  • Test action options using prescriptive reasoning approaches (consequentialism, duties/obligations/values, virtue ethics) to find the most appropriate option.

Consequentialism

  • Choose the action that creates the greatest good for the greatest number of stakeholders.
  • Analyze likely positive and negative consequences for each stakeholder.
  • Consider long-term and short-term consequences, and all stakeholders' values.

Duties/Obligations/Values

  • Identify duties and obligations owed to those affected.
  • Include considerations for specific duties (e.g., code of conduct).
  • Consider if the action would be a suitable universal principle.
  • If the action option does not satisfy the duties/obligations/values, then it is not appropriate.

Virtue Ethics

  • Consider what kind of person the decision-maker wants to be.
  • Identify virtuous qualities that should apply to the decision.
  • Check if the action aligns with personal values.
  • Does the action option satisfy the values for which you want to be known for? The action is inappropriate if the action does not align with the values of the decision-makers.

Step 5: Think Creatively About Solutions

  • Explore alternative ways to avoid the problem or seek a solution not immediately apparent.
  • Be open to delaying actions to consider better solutions.
  • Consult others outside your usual circles.
  • Be open to creative solutions.

Step 6: Check Your Gut

  • Reflect on how your intuition aligns with the chosen action.
  • Use empathy and moral principles.
  • Consult your gut reaction after applying the other steps.
  • If the gut check is not compatible with the previous steps, then the actions will need to be re-evaluated.

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Ethical Decision Making Model PDF

Description

Test your understanding of the modified Trevino & Nelson ethical decision-making model from Managing Business Ethics (2014). This quiz covers the essential steps involved in making ethical decisions, including fact-finding and defining ethical issues. Assess your knowledge and improve your ethical decision-making skills.

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