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Questions and Answers
What is the primary reason why human rights must be protected, according to the content?
What is the primary reason why human rights must be protected, according to the content?
Why is child labor considered ethically wrong, despite potential social benefits?
Why is child labor considered ethically wrong, despite potential social benefits?
What is an example of an ethical principle mentioned in the content?
What is an example of an ethical principle mentioned in the content?
What role do legal rules play in ethical decision-making?
What role do legal rules play in ethical decision-making?
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In a business context, what is a potential consequence of disregarding role-based duties?
In a business context, what is a potential consequence of disregarding role-based duties?
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How can ethical principles be characterized based on the content?
How can ethical principles be characterized based on the content?
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What happens when utilitarianism is not supplemented with ethical principles?
What happens when utilitarianism is not supplemented with ethical principles?
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What duty arises from a teacher's role regarding student assignments?
What duty arises from a teacher's role regarding student assignments?
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What is a key determinant of process fairness?
What is a key determinant of process fairness?
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What is one negative impact of being transparent about decision-making processes?
What is one negative impact of being transparent about decision-making processes?
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How does process fairness affect employee support for new initiatives?
How does process fairness affect employee support for new initiatives?
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Which statement is true regarding fair process?
Which statement is true regarding fair process?
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What belief may lead to a failure in following fair process?
What belief may lead to a failure in following fair process?
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Which is an example of practicing process fairness in management?
Which is an example of practicing process fairness in management?
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What is a potential consequence of poor process fairness?
What is a potential consequence of poor process fairness?
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Why is expressing genuine concern for employees considered affordable?
Why is expressing genuine concern for employees considered affordable?
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What is the primary function of preconceptions in the human brain?
What is the primary function of preconceptions in the human brain?
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Which statement best describes implicit biases?
Which statement best describes implicit biases?
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How does implicit prejudice affect decision-making?
How does implicit prejudice affect decision-making?
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What is in-group favoritism?
What is in-group favoritism?
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Which of the following is an example of implicit prejudice?
Which of the following is an example of implicit prejudice?
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Why is it important to recognize implicit biases?
Why is it important to recognize implicit biases?
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What is the result of making associations through implicit prejudice?
What is the result of making associations through implicit prejudice?
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Which concept refers to the unintentional discrimination against those not in one's social group?
Which concept refers to the unintentional discrimination against those not in one's social group?
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Why is it important for executives to be seen as fair?
Why is it important for executives to be seen as fair?
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What is one key benefit of practicing process fairness?
What is one key benefit of practicing process fairness?
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What is the primary function of the task force in the Strategic Fitness Process (SFP)?
What is the primary function of the task force in the Strategic Fitness Process (SFP)?
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What common misconception might prevent managers from practicing process fairness?
What common misconception might prevent managers from practicing process fairness?
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What is the role of operational autonomy in fostering creativity and innovation?
What is the role of operational autonomy in fostering creativity and innovation?
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Which of the following can hinder the implementation of fair process?
Which of the following can hinder the implementation of fair process?
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What should managers be advised about regarding the practice of fair process?
What should managers be advised about regarding the practice of fair process?
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How might the belief that 'knowledge is power' affect a manager's support for process fairness?
How might the belief that 'knowledge is power' affect a manager's support for process fairness?
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What is group polarization primarily characterized by?
What is group polarization primarily characterized by?
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Which of the following is NOT a strategy to mitigate group polarization?
Which of the following is NOT a strategy to mitigate group polarization?
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Which factor does NOT contribute to employees' reluctance to speak up?
Which factor does NOT contribute to employees' reluctance to speak up?
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What can an organization implement to foster psychological safety for employees?
What can an organization implement to foster psychological safety for employees?
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Which of the following ethical issues is NOT associated with AI decision-making?
Which of the following ethical issues is NOT associated with AI decision-making?
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What is one way to reduce stereotype threat in workplaces?
What is one way to reduce stereotype threat in workplaces?
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What can be a consequence of group polarization on decision-making?
What can be a consequence of group polarization on decision-making?
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Which intervention can help mentor minority members in an organization?
Which intervention can help mentor minority members in an organization?
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What is essential for top managers when assessing risk factors in their organization?
What is essential for top managers when assessing risk factors in their organization?
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What should organizations prioritize once ongoing rationalization and socialization are uncovered?
What should organizations prioritize once ongoing rationalization and socialization are uncovered?
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Why is it problematic when unethical acts are discovered in organizations?
Why is it problematic when unethical acts are discovered in organizations?
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What role do external change agents play in organizations facing unethical practices?
What role do external change agents play in organizations facing unethical practices?
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What is a potential consequence of denial and unwillingness to act when unethical behavior is uncovered?
What is a potential consequence of denial and unwillingness to act when unethical behavior is uncovered?
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How do external change agents benefit organizations in crisis?
How do external change agents benefit organizations in crisis?
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What must executives manage according to the content provided?
What must executives manage according to the content provided?
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What factor enhances the likelihood of cooperation from employees during changes?
What factor enhances the likelihood of cooperation from employees during changes?
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Study Notes
Chapter 1 - General
- Greed, omnipotence, cultural numbness, and justified neglect are reasons why people choose not to be good.
- Rationalization techniques, such as denying responsibility, injury, or the victim, help people justify unethical behavior.
- Denial of responsibility ("My arm is being twisted")
- Denial of injury ("No one was really harmed")
- Denial of the victim ("They deserved it")
- These techniques are frequently used in situations involving intense pressure from top management to meet numeric targets.
Rationalization Techniques
- Techniques involve convincing oneself of unethical behavior's lack of harm or the undeserving nature of the victim.
- Justifying participation in corrupt acts due to circumstances
- "Everyone does it" mindset
- Viewing actions as morally acceptable
- Often adopted when under intense pressure
- Justifying participation in corrupt acts due to circumstances
- Social weighing: Claiming "You have no right to criticize us" can occur in two ways: Condemning the condemners and selective social comparisons.
- Appeal to higher loyalties: "I would not report it because of my loyalty to my boss."
- Balancing the ledger: "We have earned the right."
- Incrementalism: "It is such a small thing, no big deal."
- Compromise: “Let me compromise my morals to keep business coming”
Socialization Processes
- Corruption sustains if newcomers start exhibiting the same behaviors.
- Cooptation: rewards induce attitude change that encourages unethical behavior.
The Internal Pillars of Our Moral Foundation
- Care/harm: Responding to signs of suffering and need.
- Fairness/cheating: Reaping cooperation rewards without exploitation.
- Loyalty/betrayal: Forming and maintaining coalitions with others.
- Authority/subversion: Forging relationships within social hierarchies.
- Sanctity/degradation: Avoiding bodily and spiritual contamination.
Reading Notes (Article 1)
- Ethical traditions reflect ways to think about how to live ethically.
- Utilitarianism (consequentialism): Maximizing overall good (e.g., child labor is beneficial if it benefits the majority).
- Ethical decisions depend on the outcomes of actions
- Criticisms: Difficulty measuring overall good, end doesn't always justify the means, doesn't account for the minority.
- Principle-based frameworks/deontology (duty-based): Fundamental rights and duties are guiding principles- no matter the consequences (e.g., violating rights of children).
- Focuses on ethical duties and principles
- Criticisms: Disagreement about principles, potential conflicts between principles.
Reading Notes (Article 2)
- Rationalizing corruption: People view their crimes as non-criminal.
- Denial of responsibility (circumstances, pressure)
- Denial of injury (low damage, not impacting anyone)
- Denial of victim (deserving of the harm)
- Social weighting (condemning the condemners, comparisons)
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Description
Explore the factors that lead individuals to engage in unethical behavior, such as greed and cultural numbness. This quiz covers rationalization techniques that justify such behaviors, including denial of responsibility and injury. Understand how these techniques often manifest under pressure from management to achieve targets.