Ethics and Morality Quiz

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a moral standard?

Loyalty

House rules (correct)

Honesty

Respect

What is the primary focus of ethics as a branch of philosophy?

Determining what is right or wrong (correct)

Analyzing cultural norms

Studying laws and regulations

Evaluating psychological behaviors

What does cultural relativism imply about moral values?

Each culture's moral values should be evaluated against others

No culture's values are superior to another's (correct)

Moral values remain constant across different cultures

All cultures should adopt universal moral principles

Which type of dilemma involves a choice between morals or ethics?

Moral dilemma Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the fear of losing face or appearing bad to others, often within Filipino culture?

Hiya Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes non-moral standards from moral standards?

Non-moral standards have no ethical implications Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a structural level dilemma?

A theoretical framework guiding ethical standards Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a basic Filipino value relating to the balance of obligations and debt?

Utang na loob Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes non-moral agents?

They cannot distinguish right from wrong. Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of Kohlberg's moral development does a child act to avoid punishment?

Stage 1: Obedience and punishment orientation Signup and view all the answers

In Kohlberg's Level 2 of moral development, what motivates individuals to do good?

To win the approval of others Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the post-conventional level in moral development?

Self-chosen principles Signup and view all the answers

How do feelings influence moral decision-making?

They provide a quick reaction to dilemmas. Signup and view all the answers

What does ethical subjectivism suggest about moral principles?

They depend on individual feelings and attitudes. Signup and view all the answers

What is emotivism primarily concerned with?

Expressing personal preferences and feelings. Signup and view all the answers

Which stage in Kohlberg's model represents awareness of wider social rules?

Stage 4: Maintaining the social order Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ethics and Morality

Ethics is the branch of philosophy that studies morality, focusing on concepts of right and wrong.
The word "ethics" comes from the Greek word "ethos," meaning character or manner.
Morality refers to a code or system of behavior that is often provided by an external source and governed by professional standards.
Morality encompasses social and cultural rules that govern behavior.

Importance of Rules

Rules serve to regulate behavior and ensure the safety and well-being of individuals.
Rules guarantee certain rights to all individuals.
Rules are crucial for establishing and maintaining justice.

Moral vs. Non-Moral Standards

Moral standards involve rules that individuals have about the kinds of actions they believe are right and wrong.
- Examples of moral standards include justice, respect, honesty, and loyalty.
Non-moral standards are rules unrelated to ethical or moral considerations.
- Examples of non-moral standards include rules in games or house rules.

Dilemmas

A dilemma is a situation where a difficult choice has to be made.
Not all dilemmas are moral dilemmas.
A moral dilemma arises when a choice needs to be made between two morally unacceptable courses of action.

Levels of Dilemmas

Structural Dilemmas: Involve theoretical paradigms or frameworks within social organizations.
Organizational Dilemmas: Encountered and resolved by social organizations.
Personal Dilemmas: Experienced and resolved on an individual level.

Culture and Oral Behavior

Culture is the accumulated knowledge, beliefs, values, and traditions of a particular group of people.
Social Conditioning Theory: Explains how individuals in a society are trained to think and react in ways that are approved by the society or its subgroups.
Ethnocentrism: The tendency to view one's own culture as superior and to judge other cultures according to one's own standards.
Cultural or Moral Relativism: The belief that it is inappropriate to judge another culture based on one's own values.
Normative Moral Relativism: Claims that all societies should accept each other's differing moral values and that there are no universal moral principles.

6 Basic Filipino Values

Pakikisama: Maintaining good public relations, potentially leading to overly generous praise.
Hiya: Fear of doing wrong, related to the concept of "face" and concern for how one appears to others.
Amor-propio: Self-respect or self-esteem, characterized by high sensitivity and potential intolerance to criticism due to pride.
Utang na loob: A sense of obligation and indebtedness, emphasizing reciprocity.
Filipino Hospitality: The innate ability and trait of Filipinos to be courteous, warm, welcoming, and accommodating.
Respect for Elders: While generally observed, excessive respect can lead to dependence or irrational obedience.

The Moral Agent

A moral agent is someone expected to adhere to the principles of morality.
Moral agents must be capable of distinguishing between right and wrong.
Non-Moral Agents: Individuals who lack the capacity to distinguish between right and wrong, such as babies or those with certain developmental or mental challenges.

Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development

Level 1 (Pre-conventional Morality):
- Predominant in children aged 9 and younger.
- Shaped by adult standards and the consequences of following or breaking rules.
- Stage 1: Obedience and punishment orientation: Behavior driven by avoiding punishment.
- Stage 2: Individualism and exchange: Recognizes that there isn't one right view dictated by authority and prioritizes personal gain.
Level 2 (Conventional Morality):
- Typical of most adolescents and adults.
- Characterized by a desire to fit in and internalize moral standards of valued role models.
- Stage 3: Good interpersonal relationships: Motivated by the desire to be seen as a good person.
- Stage 4: Maintaining the social order: Recognizes the wider rules of society.
Level 3 (Post-conventional Morality):
- Individuals have developed their own self-chosen moral principles.
- Stage 5: Social contract and individual rights: Recognizes that rules may exist for the greater good but also appreciates individual rights.
- Stage 6: Universal principles: Individuals have their own moral guidelines that may or may not align with the law.

Feelings and Moral Decision Making

Emotions: Can play a significant role in ethical decisions, often leading to quick reactions.
Feelings: Refer to the subjective experience of emotions.
Intuitions: Can act as instinctive responses to moral dilemmas, suggesting that ethics involves both emotion and reason.
Feelings and Emotions as Obstacles to Ethical Behavior: Can interfere with ethical decision-making.
Ethical Subjectivism: Claims that the truth or falsity of ethical propositions depends on individual or group feelings, attitudes, or standards.
- This contradicts the principle of objectivity in morality.
Emotivism: Developed by Charles L. Stevenson, suggests that moral judgments are merely expressions of the speaker's emotions.
- Fails to distinguish moral judgments from expressions of personal preference.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your understanding of ethics and morality with this quiz. Explore the principles that define right and wrong, the importance of rules, and the distinction between moral and non-moral standards. Enhance your knowledge of ethical behavior and its societal implications.