Ethics and Morality Concepts Quiz

Agent

• An agent is a person who acts freely and knowingly, responsible for their actions.

Narcissism

• Excessive self-love, excluding others. Often involves rage and aggression toward those who don't serve the narcissist.

Gentile

• A person not of the Jewish faith or ancestry.

Jesus

• Hebrew name Yeshua, meaning "Yahweh saves" or "God is salvation."

Ethics

• Greek word "ta ethika," focusing on the goods that human life strives for (happiness, freedom, love, etc.).

Morality

• Latin word "moralitas," focusing on how to achieve those goods through human actions.

Character

• The way actions over time become fixed parts of a person.

Vices

• Bad habits.

Virtues

• Good habits.

Shame

• Recognizing a flaw or shortcoming in oneself.

Guilt

• Recognizing a flawed action.

Parousia

• The second coming of Christ, marking the end of the age and the story of salvation.

Freedom

• The potential to be and do, for what is and what can be.

Conscience

• Reasoning and judgment of the moral quality of an action.

Natural Law

• Principles of natural law dictate doing good and avoiding evil. Laws are needed to counter human frailties.

Covenant

• God's relationship with humans, across all time and space. Covenants are promises.

Human Rights

• Inherent freedoms based on being created in God's image. These rights are above government power.

Legal Rights

• Rights granted by government, allowing participation, often to varying degrees.

Privilege

• A special advantage or exemption beyond general rights.

Superego

• Internal censor that uses shame to regulate conduct.

Providence

• Catholic response to predestination, asserting human freedom despite God's plan.

Vocation

• Call or purpose, often expressed through a profession or role.

Naturalism

• Denies the existence of ethics or morality and attributes human action entirely to genetics.

Religious Determinism

• Belief God predetermined the entirety of history and individual fates, including salvation or damnation. This philosophy rejects the notion of human freedom or free will.

Gospel

• Good news, central to religious beliefs and practice.

Justice

• Striving for the well being of oneself and others.

Poverty

• Absolute poverty denotes a threat to survival. Relative poverty signifies a lack of wealth compared to others in the same society.

Absolute Poverty

• Lacking resources for basic necessities (food, shelter, medical care).

Relative Poverty

• Lacking average standard of wealth within a society.

Social Determinism

• Human behavior is shaped more by social influences than individual choice.

Intelligible Goods

• Moral values that enhance happiness.

Sensible

• Using the five senses to understand and enjoy the world's beauty/value.

Pleasure

• A temporary state.

Happiness

• A lasting state.

Norms

• Rules or guidelines promoting virtuous behavior, arising from authorities like God, the government, and societies themselves.

Laws

• Reasonable rules for the common good, imposed by authorities.

Rules

• Prescribed guides for actions, determining allowed behaviors or activities.

Ethical Maxim

• General rules or principles guiding conduct, applicable to all.

Secularism

• God's initiative of love that requires cooperation. It emphasizes human's freedom.

Distributive Justice

• Balancing the contributions and needs of society members. It addresses ethical distribution of resources.

Atheism

• Absence of belief in the existence of deities.

Individualism

• Self-focus over other considerations.

Consumerism

• Attitude valuing material goods and appearances over inner development and personal relationships.

Actions

• Activities resulting from a choice.

Intention

• Motives for acting, the reasons behind choices.

Deontological Ethics

• Moral duty guides actions, regardless of outcomes.

Deon

• Meaning 'duty'

Determinism

• Belief that human behavior is the product of outside forces.

Prophet

• Messenger of God.

Teleological Ethics

• Evaluating actions by their consequences/outcomes.

Telos

• An end goal.

Aristotle's Doctrine of the Mean

• Achieving balance and moderation in life.

Deficient Vice

• Failing to live up to a moral standard.

Moderate Point/Virtue

• Maintaining balance and harmony.

Excessive Vice

• Overdoing a positive characteristic.

Religious Ethics

• Moral codes derived from religious beliefs. The teachings from figures like Moses, Jesus, and Henri Nouwen are an integral part of religious ethical frameworks.

Human Sin/Moral Issues

• The concept of sin, often involving a perceived wrongdoing or deviation from moral principles.

Ethical Theory of Forms

• The ultimate good/ideal form.

Catholic Teaching on the Moral Conscience

• A judgment of reason in recognizing the moral quality of an action. (Catholic view).

Human Sin

• Deviation from accepted moral principles.

Sermon on the Mount

• Jesus' instructions to his followers.

Body of Christ

• Believers as instruments of Christ, embodying His love and compassion.

The Trinity

• The essence of God: One God in Three distinct and equal Persons (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit).

Human Rights and Common Sense

• The relationship between fundamental rights and practical judgment.

Family as the First Cell of Society

• The family is the foundational unit of society, fostering values, norms, and responsibility.