Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a key characteristic of the "reality-based community"?
What is a key characteristic of the "reality-based community"?
What is a key challenge facing the "reality-based community"?
What is a key challenge facing the "reality-based community"?
What is a key requirement for a liberal society to function effectively?
What is a key requirement for a liberal society to function effectively?
Which of the following is NOT considered a permissible activity for members of the "reality-based community" outside of their professional roles?
Which of the following is NOT considered a permissible activity for members of the "reality-based community" outside of their professional roles?
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What is a primary goal of the "enemies of the reality-based community"?
What is a primary goal of the "enemies of the reality-based community"?
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Which of the following statements best summarizes the main claim of ethical subjectivism?
Which of the following statements best summarizes the main claim of ethical subjectivism?
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According to the passage, what is the key difference between simple ethical subjectivism and emotivism?
According to the passage, what is the key difference between simple ethical subjectivism and emotivism?
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According to the passage, what is a significant drawback of emotivism?
According to the passage, what is a significant drawback of emotivism?
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Which of the following statements best expresses the author's perspective on the nature of moral truths?
Which of the following statements best expresses the author's perspective on the nature of moral truths?
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What is the primary purpose of the passage in relation to ethical subjectivism?
What is the primary purpose of the passage in relation to ethical subjectivism?
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Which of these is NOT a common empirical indicator of practitioners within the reality-based community?
Which of these is NOT a common empirical indicator of practitioners within the reality-based community?
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Which of these is NOT a common pattern of proper behavior in the reality-based community?
Which of these is NOT a common pattern of proper behavior in the reality-based community?
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What does the text suggest is crucial for maintaining a stable and reliable knowledge base within the reality-based community?
What does the text suggest is crucial for maintaining a stable and reliable knowledge base within the reality-based community?
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Which of the following BEST describes the role of "institutionalism" within the reality-based community?
Which of the following BEST describes the role of "institutionalism" within the reality-based community?
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What is a key aspect of "accountability" within the reality-based community?
What is a key aspect of "accountability" within the reality-based community?
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Which statement BEST captures the importance of "civility" within the reality-based community?
Which statement BEST captures the importance of "civility" within the reality-based community?
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Which of these is NOT a branch of the reality-based community as described in the text?
Which of these is NOT a branch of the reality-based community as described in the text?
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Which of these phrases is NOT mentioned as a characteristic or pattern of proper behavior within the reality-based community?
Which of these phrases is NOT mentioned as a characteristic or pattern of proper behavior within the reality-based community?
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What is the main point Hammersley is arguing against in his article, "Should Sociology be Normative?"
What is the main point Hammersley is arguing against in his article, "Should Sociology be Normative?"
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What is a key characteristic of Ethical Subjectivism, in relation to homosexuality?
What is a key characteristic of Ethical Subjectivism, in relation to homosexuality?
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What does the text say about the "reality-based community" and its relation to "knowledge"?
What does the text say about the "reality-based community" and its relation to "knowledge"?
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What is the meaning of the phrase "value-relevant", as used in the context of Max Weber's perspective on social science?
What is the meaning of the phrase "value-relevant", as used in the context of Max Weber's perspective on social science?
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Which of the following arguments is NOT used to justify incorporating normative judgments into sociological work?
Which of the following arguments is NOT used to justify incorporating normative judgments into sociological work?
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What is the main reason why the text states that Ethical Subjectivism "seems to be going in the wrong direction"?
What is the main reason why the text states that Ethical Subjectivism "seems to be going in the wrong direction"?
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Based on the text, which of the following is a valid criticism of Ethical Subjectivism?
Based on the text, which of the following is a valid criticism of Ethical Subjectivism?
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What is the key distinction between "value-neutral" and "value-relevant" in Max Weber's perspective on social science?
What is the key distinction between "value-neutral" and "value-relevant" in Max Weber's perspective on social science?
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What is a significant factor that has contributed to the "replication crisis" in psychology?
What is a significant factor that has contributed to the "replication crisis" in psychology?
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How do universities often defend research dishonesty?
How do universities often defend research dishonesty?
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How does the text characterize the role of social justice messaging in universities?
How does the text characterize the role of social justice messaging in universities?
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What is the author's main criticism of research in universities?
What is the author's main criticism of research in universities?
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Which of the following is NOT a reason why universities have lost public confidence?
Which of the following is NOT a reason why universities have lost public confidence?
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What is the main point of the text about the "replication crisis" in psychology?
What is the main point of the text about the "replication crisis" in psychology?
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Why does the text say many humanities departments are trying to "sell" students on the "unfounded hope" that the humanities will make them more effective activists?
Why does the text say many humanities departments are trying to "sell" students on the "unfounded hope" that the humanities will make them more effective activists?
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What is the text's primary argument regarding affirmative action in university admissions?
What is the text's primary argument regarding affirmative action in university admissions?
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According to Nagel, what is the fundamental basis for morality?
According to Nagel, what is the fundamental basis for morality?
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Why does Nagel question the religious answer to the problem of why people should be moral?
Why does Nagel question the religious answer to the problem of why people should be moral?
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What distinction does Nagel make between 'rules' and 'morality'?
What distinction does Nagel make between 'rules' and 'morality'?
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Which of the following is a challenge raised by the religious answer to the question of why be moral?
Which of the following is a challenge raised by the religious answer to the question of why be moral?
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What is the main distinction between consequentialist and deontological moral theories?
What is the main distinction between consequentialist and deontological moral theories?
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Study Notes
Study Guide for Quiz #1
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Opening Day Lecture (Facts and Values):
- Fact/Value Dichotomy: Distinction between factual statements and value judgments.
- Moral Theories: Systems for combining facts and values to create guides for human conduct.
- Consequentialist vs. Deontological Theories: Two major types of moral theories; one focuses on outcomes and the other on duties.
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Nagel, "Right and Wrong":
- Rules vs. Moral Principles: Distinction between socially enforced constraints and abstract, universal moral principles.
- Why Be Moral?: Examination of the reasons individuals should adhere to moral principles, including religious and naturalistic answers.
- Moral Substitutability: Idea that different people's interests are equally important and deserve consideration, despite differences or relationships.
- Limits of Moral Substitutability: How moral substitutability conflicts with ordinary human experience, highlighting the importance of empathy for loved ones.
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The Postulate of Fundamental Human Worth and Equality:
- "There is no substitute for a direct concern for other people as the basis of morality" (63).
- The Economist's Objection to Morality: Questioning whether morality is simply the expression of individual preferences.
- The Multicultural Objection: Consideration of whether universal moral principles apply across all cultures, given their diversity.
- The Knowledge Illusion: People tend to overestimate their knowledge of how the world works.
- Groupthink: The tendency for people to make decisions in a group based on the opinions of others rather than their independent judgments.
- The "Reality-Based Community": Characteristics of a community dedicated to seeking the truth through empirical evidence
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World of Law and Jurisprudence
- Common Empirical Indicators of the Reality-Based Community: Shared traits of practitioners of law and public policy.
- Traits of the Reality-Based Community: Aspects of accountability, objectivity, and civility within the community.
- Moral Subjectivism/Relativism: Simple ethical subjectivism as a philosophical perspective, focusing on the idea that moral judgments are expressions of personal feelings and nothing more. A refined form is emotivism, which views moral judgments as expressions of feelings that motivate action rather than reporting a fact.
- Moral Disagreement: Objections to the idea that morality is merely a matter of individual opinion, since morality often involves disagreements.
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Should Sociology be Normative?
- Rationale for Incorporating Normative Judgments into Sociology: Arguments for embedding normative judgments into the practice and thought of social research and social theory.
- Discussion of Max Weber's position on the necessity for "value-neutrality" in social sciences
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DEI Statements and the Conformity Gauntlet
- Increased pressure on academic faculty to conform to specific values and perspectives
- Implications of standardized and expected responses from academic institutions
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Description
Test your understanding of the key concepts presented in the opening day lecture covering the fact/value dichotomy and major moral theories. Explore the differences between consequentialist and deontological theories as well as the dynamics of moral principles versus rules in Nagel's work 'Right and Wrong'. Engage with thought-provoking questions about moral substitutability and its limitations.