Ethics and Moral Philosophy: Relativism, Hedonism, and Emotivism

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Questions and Answers

What is the core idea of relativism in relation to moral norms?

Moral norms are only to minimize pain
Moral norms are only for maximum pleasure
Moral norms are not fixed in time (correct)
Moral norms are fixed in time

What is the aim of hedonism, according to the text?

To seek moral goodness
To minimize pleasure
To maximize pleasure or minimize pain (correct)
To maximize happiness

What is the claim of psychological hedonism?

People seek pleasure in their everyday actions (correct)
Pleasure is the moral good
Pleasure is not the moral good
People ought to seek pleasure

What does emotivism maintain about ethical statements?

They are neither true nor false and cannot be proven (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a function in the context of the functional definition of ethics?

A rule that takes elements of a set and assigns them values into another set (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the function f and the human mind in the functional definition of ethics?

Not specified in the text (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of ethical decision making?

To make a decision that results in a least number of conflicts (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the human mind in making moral judgments?

It associates an integer value 0 or 1 to all human actions (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for a good framework for ethical decision making?

Knowing the parties involved and their interests (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge in making ethical arguments in real-life scenarios?

The lack of clear-cut solutions (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary to evaluate the impact of an ethical decision?

Understanding the decision's implementation and its effects on parties involved (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between reasoning and logic in decision making?

Reasoning and logic are complementary elements (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of educational tools for new members?

To provide training to learn the company's systems (D) Signup and view all the answers

How can Cont Inspiring promote student growth?

By providing rich and inspiring learning experiences (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of advertising in ethics?

To show commitment to values to clients and society (D) Signup and view all the answers

What has generated many temptations to take immoral action?

Computer technology (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of Cont Inspiring in the field of education?

Motivation for teachers to provide rich learning experiences (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in solving complex problems?

Gathering all the relevant facts (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens as we delve deeper into the problem?

Our initial understanding might evolve (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of evaluating alternatives?

To determine the best course of action (D) Signup and view all the answers

What should we do when we cannot choose a clear winner among alternatives?

Add more layers of reasoning, gather new facts, or adjust our ethical frameworks (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is involved in justifying our choice?

Critically examining our reasoning and assumptions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of analyzing the problem?

To find a safe and valid solution among various alternatives (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a major issue with establishing new values and principles in the context of the computer revolution?

Lack of conceptual models to apply them (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge posed by the computer revolution to existing moral values?

Handling currency forgeries becomes more complex (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why may individuals rationalize unethical behavior in the context of the computer revolution?

Because of the allure and accessibility of new technologies (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is imperative to do in response to the computer and telecommunication revolutions?

To formulate new laws to strengthen our basic sets of values (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary to successfully apply new laws in the context of the computer revolution?

A conceptual model in which the new laws can be applied (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of a massive education campaign in the context of the computer revolution?

To make society aware of the changing environment and its impact on our basic values (A) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Educational Tools for New Members

Educational tools help new members learn company systems and principles through training sessions and ethical codes.

Inspiring Members to Uphold Ethical Principles

Inspiring members to uphold ethical principles motivates them to provide rich and inspiring learning experiences for students and promote academic and personal growth.
Teacher ethics can inspire motivation for teachers to provide quality education.

Advertising Ethical Principles

Advertising can be used in public relations to show clients and society that members of the profession are committed to values.
Emphasizing the importance of educational and pedagogical values can promote ethical principles.

Solving Ethical Problems

Solving ethical problems involves understanding the problem clearly, gathering relevant facts, and analyzing them through layers.
Evaluating alternatives against ethical theories, principles, and values helps determine the best course of action.
Justifying a choice involves critically examining reasoning and assumptions.

Challenges in Solving Ethical Problems

The rapid pace of change often renders solutions obsolete before they can be fully developed and implemented.
Lack of conceptual models and outdated basic values hinder applying new values to novel situations.
Temptations and rationalizations can lead to unethical behavior.

The Need for Action

Formulating new laws and constructing a conceptual model can strengthen basic values being rendered irrelevant by computer technology.
Launching a massive education campaign can raise awareness of the changing environment and its impact on basic values.

Ethical Theories

Relativism states that moral norms are not fixed in time.
Hedonism prioritizes maximum pleasure or minimization of pain.
Ethical hedonism advocates that people ought to seek pleasure, and pleasure is the moral good.
Emotivism maintains that ethical statements are neither true nor false and cannot be proven.

Functional Definition of Ethics

A function f defined on a set A assigns values to another set R, called the range of the function.
The human mind associates an integer value (0 or 1) to human actions, making ethical and moral judgments.

Ethical Reasoning and Decision Making

Ethical decision making involves making a decision that results in a least number of conflicts.
A framework for ethical decision making includes recognizing ethical conflicts, knowing parties involved, being aware of alternatives, demonstrating knowledge of ethical practices, and understanding the impact of the decision.
Making and evaluating ethical arguments involves understanding the problem, knowing alternatives, and demonstrating knowledge of ethical practices.

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Description

Test your understanding of various ethics and moral philosophy theories, including relativism, hedonism, and emotivism. Explore how they relate to pleasure, pain, and moral norms.