Podcast
Questions and Answers
In which of the following situations should a patient not be allowed to refuse care?
In which of the following situations should a patient not be allowed to refuse care?
- Having a living will
- Altered mental status
- Having a durable power of attorney
- Being under the influence of drugs or alcohol (correct)
When is it acceptable to disclose Personal Health Information (PHI) to insurers and those responsible for payment?
When is it acceptable to disclose Personal Health Information (PHI) to insurers and those responsible for payment?
- Upon patient approval (correct)
- In cases of mandatory reporting situations
- During operational reasons within EMS agencies
- In times of altered mental status
What type of situations might require disclosure of PHI based on the text?
What type of situations might require disclosure of PHI based on the text?
- Crimes of violence (correct)
- Quality improvement and research purposes
- Situations involving durable power of attorney
- Living will scenarios
Which legal act governs confidentiality in healthcare according to the provided text?
Which legal act governs confidentiality in healthcare according to the provided text?
What is one of the purposes for which PHI can be disclosed in EMS agencies as per the text?
What is one of the purposes for which PHI can be disclosed in EMS agencies as per the text?
Which document allows individuals to specify their preferences for medical treatment in advance?
Which document allows individuals to specify their preferences for medical treatment in advance?
In providing legal and ethical care, why is it important to have a witness when a patient signs a refusal of care form?
In providing legal and ethical care, why is it important to have a witness when a patient signs a refusal of care form?
Who sets the scope of practice for emergency medical responders?
Who sets the scope of practice for emergency medical responders?
What type of consent is given when a patient verbally agrees to treatment?
What type of consent is given when a patient verbally agrees to treatment?
Which type of medical direction involves direct communication between EMS providers and a physician?
Which type of medical direction involves direct communication between EMS providers and a physician?
What must a patient do to make a proper refusal of care decision?
What must a patient do to make a proper refusal of care decision?
Can emergency medical responders discuss details of a call with others?
Can emergency medical responders discuss details of a call with others?
When should you remove taser electrodes?
When should you remove taser electrodes?
What does the text mention as examples of mandated reporting?
What does the text mention as examples of mandated reporting?
Why is disseminating or selling any part of the work prohibited?
Why is disseminating or selling any part of the work prohibited?
What is the primary purpose of providing this work to instructors?
What is the primary purpose of providing this work to instructors?
Which action would violate United States copyright laws based on the text?
Which action would violate United States copyright laws based on the text?
What consequences are mentioned for not abiding by the copyright restrictions?
What consequences are mentioned for not abiding by the copyright restrictions?
What are some key elements defining things that an EMR should not do based on ethics?
What are some key elements defining things that an EMR should not do based on ethics?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four components of negligence?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four components of negligence?
What is a primary purpose of using a Taser device?
What is a primary purpose of using a Taser device?
Which of the following is NOT a type of evidence mentioned in the text for identification and preservation?
Which of the following is NOT a type of evidence mentioned in the text for identification and preservation?
As an EMR, when should you provide treatment to an injured perpetrator at a crime scene?
As an EMR, when should you provide treatment to an injured perpetrator at a crime scene?
What should an EMR ensure during an emergency call according to the text?
What should an EMR ensure during an emergency call according to the text?
What directional term describes the position of a structure that is closer to the surface of the body?
What directional term describes the position of a structure that is closer to the surface of the body?
In which body position does a person lie on their right side?
In which body position does a person lie on their right side?
Which cavity contains the brain in the human body?
Which cavity contains the brain in the human body?
Which directional term indicates a position closer to the midline of the body?
Which directional term indicates a position closer to the midline of the body?
What is the term for the body cavity that contains organs such as the heart and lungs?
What is the term for the body cavity that contains organs such as the heart and lungs?
Which directional term describes a location closer to the feet in humans?
Which directional term describes a location closer to the feet in humans?
What does the term 'Cardiologist' mean based on the provided information?
What does the term 'Cardiologist' mean based on the provided information?
In medical terminology, what does the prefix 'Hyper-' indicate?
In medical terminology, what does the prefix 'Hyper-' indicate?
What does the suffix '-ist' signify in medical terminology?
What does the suffix '-ist' signify in medical terminology?
What body position is described as lying face down?
What body position is described as lying face down?
Which root word pertains to the 'heart' in medical terminology?
Which root word pertains to the 'heart' in medical terminology?
What does the prefix 'Hypo-' denote in medical terms?
What does the prefix 'Hypo-' denote in medical terms?
Which of the following terms describes a medical professional who specializes in the study of the nervous system?
Which of the following terms describes a medical professional who specializes in the study of the nervous system?
In medical terminology, which root word pertains to the 'nose' or 'nasal' region?
In medical terminology, which root word pertains to the 'nose' or 'nasal' region?
What does the prefix 'Tachy-' indicate in medical terms?
What does the prefix 'Tachy-' indicate in medical terms?
Which body position is described as lying face up?
Which body position is described as lying face up?
What anatomical term refers to a location closer to the midline of the body?
What anatomical term refers to a location closer to the midline of the body?
The suffix '-ology' in medical terminology signifies what?
The suffix '-ology' in medical terminology signifies what?
In the body regions and cavities, which cavity contains organs such as the heart and lungs?
In the body regions and cavities, which cavity contains organs such as the heart and lungs?
What directional term describes the position of a structure that is closer to the surface of the body?
What directional term describes the position of a structure that is closer to the surface of the body?
Which directional term indicates a position closer to the midline of the body?
Which directional term indicates a position closer to the midline of the body?
What body position is described as lying face down?
What body position is described as lying face down?
What does the directional term 'posterior/dorsal' refer to?
What does the directional term 'posterior/dorsal' refer to?
Which directional term describes a location further away from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body?
Which directional term describes a location further away from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body?
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Study Notes
Providing Legal and Ethical Care
- Advance directives: patient's right to accept or refuse treatment
- Consent: patient's agreement to receive care, can be expressed or implied
- Expressed consent: patient verbally agrees to receive care
- Implied consent: patient non-verbally agrees to receive care (e.g., holding out arm for blood pressure)
- Emancipated minors: minors who are considered adults for medical purposes
Refusal of Care
- Patient has the right to refuse care if they meet specific criteria and are mentally competent
- Specific criteria: patient is an adult, mentally competent, and informed of risks and benefits
- Exceptions: patient is under the influence of drugs or alcohol, has altered mental status, or impaired judgment
Confidentiality
- HIPAA: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
- PHI: protected health information
- Times when it is acceptable to disclose PHI:
- Transferring relevant information to others involved in patient care
- Upon patient approval to insurers and those responsible for payment
- Operational reasons within EMS agencies (e.g., quality improvement, research)
- Mandatory reporting situations (e.g., crimes of violence, abuse, public health situations)
- When required to do so by legal subpoena
Advance Directives
- Prehospital Do Not Resuscitate Orders (DNR)
- Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order: patient's decision to not receive CPR in case of cardiac arrest
- Living will: written document outlining patient's wishes for medical treatment in case of terminal illness or injury
- Durable power of attorney: person designated to make medical decisions for patient if they are incapacitated
- Health care proxy: person designated to make medical decisions for patient if they are incapacitated
Ethics
- Definition: moral principles guiding medical decisions
- Principles:
- Honesty
- Kindness and compassion
- Advocacy
Liability and Negligence
- Liability: responsibility for harm caused to another
- Negligence: failure to exercise reasonable care, resulting in harm to another
- Tort: civil wrong or injury
- Assault and battery: intentional harm or threat of harm
- Abandonment: leaving a patient without proper care
- Four components of negligence:
- Duty to act
- Breach of duty
- Harm was caused
- Proximate causation
EMS at the Crime Scene
- EMS may provide treatment to an injured perpetrator
- Importance of preserving evidence:
- Fingerprints
- Blood and body fluids
- Wounds
- Conditions at the scene
- Statements made at the scene
Medical Terminology
- Medical language: terminology used in healthcare
- Root words, prefixes, and suffixes: components of medical terms
- Examples:
- Cardiologist: heart specialist
- Neuro: related to the nervous system
- Naso: related to the nose
- Oro: related to the mouth
Body Regions and Cavities
- Main body cavities:
- Cranial cavity
- Thoracic cavity
- Abdominal cavity
- Pelvic cavity
- Anatomical terms:
- Right and left
- Supine and prone positions
- Medial, lateral, superior, inferior, distal, and proximal directions
- Anterior, posterior, ventral, and dorsal directions
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