48 Questions
In which of the following situations should a patient not be allowed to refuse care?
Being under the influence of drugs or alcohol
When is it acceptable to disclose Personal Health Information (PHI) to insurers and those responsible for payment?
Upon patient approval
What type of situations might require disclosure of PHI based on the text?
Crimes of violence
Which legal act governs confidentiality in healthcare according to the provided text?
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
What is one of the purposes for which PHI can be disclosed in EMS agencies as per the text?
Quality improvement and research
Which document allows individuals to specify their preferences for medical treatment in advance?
Living will
In providing legal and ethical care, why is it important to have a witness when a patient signs a refusal of care form?
To guarantee the form was signed voluntarily.
Who sets the scope of practice for emergency medical responders?
The EMS agency
What type of consent is given when a patient verbally agrees to treatment?
Expressed consent
Which type of medical direction involves direct communication between EMS providers and a physician?
On-line medical direction
What must a patient do to make a proper refusal of care decision?
Meet specific criteria and make an informed decision
Can emergency medical responders discuss details of a call with others?
No, it is a violation of patient confidentiality.
When should you remove taser electrodes?
Unless you have been trained to do so
What does the text mention as examples of mandated reporting?
Sexual assault
Why is disseminating or selling any part of the work prohibited?
To protect the work's integrity
What is the primary purpose of providing this work to instructors?
To assist in teaching courses
Which action would violate United States copyright laws based on the text?
Selling the work to students for a profit
What consequences are mentioned for not abiding by the copyright restrictions?
Legal action will be taken
What are some key elements defining things that an EMR should not do based on ethics?
Dishonesty, cruelty, lack of compassion
Which of the following is NOT one of the four components of negligence?
Intent to harm
What is a primary purpose of using a Taser device?
To disrupt muscle control and incapacitate an individual
Which of the following is NOT a type of evidence mentioned in the text for identification and preservation?
X-Rays
As an EMR, when should you provide treatment to an injured perpetrator at a crime scene?
Provide treatment to all individuals regardless of their role
What should an EMR ensure during an emergency call according to the text?
Ensure personal safety and monitor patient's ABCs
What directional term describes the position of a structure that is closer to the surface of the body?
Superficial
In which body position does a person lie on their right side?
Right lateral recumbent
Which cavity contains the brain in the human body?
Cranial cavity
Which directional term indicates a position closer to the midline of the body?
Medial
What is the term for the body cavity that contains organs such as the heart and lungs?
Thoracic cavity
Which directional term describes a location closer to the feet in humans?
Distal
What does the term 'Cardiologist' mean based on the provided information?
One who specializes in studying the heart
In medical terminology, what does the prefix 'Hyper-' indicate?
Above normal or high
What does the suffix '-ist' signify in medical terminology?
One who specializes in
What body position is described as lying face down?
Prone
Which root word pertains to the 'heart' in medical terminology?
Cardio
What does the prefix 'Hypo-' denote in medical terms?
Low or below normal
Which of the following terms describes a medical professional who specializes in the study of the nervous system?
Neurologist
In medical terminology, which root word pertains to the 'nose' or 'nasal' region?
Naso
What does the prefix 'Tachy-' indicate in medical terms?
Above normal, rapid
Which body position is described as lying face up?
Supine
What anatomical term refers to a location closer to the midline of the body?
Medial
The suffix '-ology' in medical terminology signifies what?
'Study of'
In the body regions and cavities, which cavity contains organs such as the heart and lungs?
Thoracic cavity
What directional term describes the position of a structure that is closer to the surface of the body?
Superficial
Which directional term indicates a position closer to the midline of the body?
Medial
What body position is described as lying face down?
Prone
What does the directional term 'posterior/dorsal' refer to?
Back of the body
Which directional term describes a location further away from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body?
Distal
Study Notes
Providing Legal and Ethical Care
- Advance directives: patient's right to accept or refuse treatment
- Consent: patient's agreement to receive care, can be expressed or implied
- Expressed consent: patient verbally agrees to receive care
- Implied consent: patient non-verbally agrees to receive care (e.g., holding out arm for blood pressure)
- Emancipated minors: minors who are considered adults for medical purposes
Refusal of Care
- Patient has the right to refuse care if they meet specific criteria and are mentally competent
- Specific criteria: patient is an adult, mentally competent, and informed of risks and benefits
- Exceptions: patient is under the influence of drugs or alcohol, has altered mental status, or impaired judgment
Confidentiality
- HIPAA: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
- PHI: protected health information
- Times when it is acceptable to disclose PHI:
- Transferring relevant information to others involved in patient care
- Upon patient approval to insurers and those responsible for payment
- Operational reasons within EMS agencies (e.g., quality improvement, research)
- Mandatory reporting situations (e.g., crimes of violence, abuse, public health situations)
- When required to do so by legal subpoena
Advance Directives
- Prehospital Do Not Resuscitate Orders (DNR)
- Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order: patient's decision to not receive CPR in case of cardiac arrest
- Living will: written document outlining patient's wishes for medical treatment in case of terminal illness or injury
- Durable power of attorney: person designated to make medical decisions for patient if they are incapacitated
- Health care proxy: person designated to make medical decisions for patient if they are incapacitated
Ethics
- Definition: moral principles guiding medical decisions
- Principles:
- Honesty
- Kindness and compassion
- Advocacy
Liability and Negligence
- Liability: responsibility for harm caused to another
- Negligence: failure to exercise reasonable care, resulting in harm to another
- Tort: civil wrong or injury
- Assault and battery: intentional harm or threat of harm
- Abandonment: leaving a patient without proper care
- Four components of negligence:
- Duty to act
- Breach of duty
- Harm was caused
- Proximate causation
EMS at the Crime Scene
- EMS may provide treatment to an injured perpetrator
- Importance of preserving evidence:
- Fingerprints
- Blood and body fluids
- Wounds
- Conditions at the scene
- Statements made at the scene
Medical Terminology
- Medical language: terminology used in healthcare
- Root words, prefixes, and suffixes: components of medical terms
- Examples:
- Cardiologist: heart specialist
- Neuro: related to the nervous system
- Naso: related to the nose
- Oro: related to the mouth
Body Regions and Cavities
- Main body cavities:
- Cranial cavity
- Thoracic cavity
- Abdominal cavity
- Pelvic cavity
- Anatomical terms:
- Right and left
- Supine and prone positions
- Medial, lateral, superior, inferior, distal, and proximal directions
- Anterior, posterior, ventral, and dorsal directions
Test your knowledge on ethics, morality, liability, negligence, and legal principles with this quiz. Explore concepts such as honesty, kindness, compassion, advocacy, torts, assault, battery, and abandonment.
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