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Questions and Answers
The temporary suffering of one individual is outweighed by the lives of potentially ______ saved.
The temporary suffering of one individual is outweighed by the lives of potentially ______ saved.
thousands
Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that is considered ______ because it focuses on the consequences of actions.
Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that is considered ______ because it focuses on the consequences of actions.
consequentialist
Normalizing actions like torture could lead to dangerous ______ and systemic abuses.
Normalizing actions like torture could lead to dangerous ______ and systemic abuses.
precedents
Under international law, torture is illegal in all ______ and therefore considered unethical.
Under international law, torture is illegal in all ______ and therefore considered unethical.
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The key argument for justifying torture is that the ends ______ the means.
The key argument for justifying torture is that the ends ______ the means.
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Virtue Ethics focuses on the development of moral character and ______, such as courage and justice.
Virtue Ethics focuses on the development of moral character and ______, such as courage and justice.
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Mill recognized that cultivating noble and virtuous character traits contributes significantly to overall ______.
Mill recognized that cultivating noble and virtuous character traits contributes significantly to overall ______.
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Accurate tax payments contribute to funding essential services like education and ______.
Accurate tax payments contribute to funding essential services like education and ______.
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______ may foster a sense of pride and responsibility.
______ may foster a sense of pride and responsibility.
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Paying taxes fairly promotes ______, trust in governance, and social harmony.
Paying taxes fairly promotes ______, trust in governance, and social harmony.
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Virtue ethics emphasizes being a good person rather than merely doing ______.
Virtue ethics emphasizes being a good person rather than merely doing ______.
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Financial sacrifice reflects the ______ reduction in disposable income due to tax payments.
Financial sacrifice reflects the ______ reduction in disposable income due to tax payments.
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Individual happiness may sometimes involve self-sacrifice or a deduction from the ______ for the greater good.
Individual happiness may sometimes involve self-sacrifice or a deduction from the ______ for the greater good.
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The ultimate goal is spiritual liberation by fulfilling one's ______.
The ultimate goal is spiritual liberation by fulfilling one's ______.
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Confucius outlined the Five Virtues in the ______.
Confucius outlined the Five Virtues in the ______.
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The principle of __________ teaches to treat others how you want to be treated.
The principle of __________ teaches to treat others how you want to be treated.
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Hinduism focuses on fulfilling Dharma to unite with _______.
Hinduism focuses on fulfilling Dharma to unite with _______.
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The cycle of rebirth in Hinduism is known as _______.
The cycle of rebirth in Hinduism is known as _______.
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Utilitarianism argues for maximizing overall ______ or minimizing harm.
Utilitarianism argues for maximizing overall ______ or minimizing harm.
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The Trolley Problem is a classical moral thought ______ that presents challenging choices.
The Trolley Problem is a classical moral thought ______ that presents challenging choices.
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In Buddhism, the goal is to achieve _______ through the release from suffering.
In Buddhism, the goal is to achieve _______ through the release from suffering.
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Deontological ethics emphasizes adhering to rules and moral ______.
Deontological ethics emphasizes adhering to rules and moral ______.
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__________ refers to the deceptive world we perceive and are trapped in.
__________ refers to the deceptive world we perceive and are trapped in.
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The aspect of moral duties that promotes societal order is known as _______.
The aspect of moral duties that promotes societal order is known as _______.
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In the Trolley Problem Scenario 1, you must decide whether to pull a lever to save five people at the cost of one life, which highlights the dilemma between ______ and deontology.
In the Trolley Problem Scenario 1, you must decide whether to pull a lever to save five people at the cost of one life, which highlights the dilemma between ______ and deontology.
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Utilitarianism Scenario 2 suggests that pushing the man off the ______ would save five lives.
Utilitarianism Scenario 2 suggests that pushing the man off the ______ would save five lives.
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Deontology Scenario 1 would refuse to pull the lever because it involves actively causing someone’s death, which is against the moral rule 'do not ______'.
Deontology Scenario 1 would refuse to pull the lever because it involves actively causing someone’s death, which is against the moral rule 'do not ______'.
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Pushing someone to their death is viewed as a deliberate violation of their rights and ______.
Pushing someone to their death is viewed as a deliberate violation of their rights and ______.
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The Ticking Time-Bomb scenario is an ethical thought ______ often used to challenge moral principles.
The Ticking Time-Bomb scenario is an ethical thought ______ often used to challenge moral principles.
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The _____ imperative is associated with actions that are necessary in themselves and conform to reason.
The _____ imperative is associated with actions that are necessary in themselves and conform to reason.
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According to the concept of _____, an action is right if it can be universally applied without contradiction.
According to the concept of _____, an action is right if it can be universally applied without contradiction.
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A _____ imperative is conditional and is contingent on achieving a specific outcome.
A _____ imperative is conditional and is contingent on achieving a specific outcome.
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The first formulation of the Categorical Imperative states to act only in accordance with that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a _____ law.
The first formulation of the Categorical Imperative states to act only in accordance with that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a _____ law.
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In testing a maxim, if the action leads to a self-contradiction when imagined as a universal law, then the action is considered _____ .
In testing a maxim, if the action leads to a self-contradiction when imagined as a universal law, then the action is considered _____ .
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The duty to _____ money without intending to pay it back poses a moral problem when tested against the principle of universalizability.
The duty to _____ money without intending to pay it back poses a moral problem when tested against the principle of universalizability.
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When formulating a maxim, one should start with a personal rule, such as 'When I..., I shall...,' which is known as a _____.
When formulating a maxim, one should start with a personal rule, such as 'When I..., I shall...,' which is known as a _____.
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The second formulation of the Categorical Imperative stresses using humanity as an end in itself, not merely as a _____.
The second formulation of the Categorical Imperative stresses using humanity as an end in itself, not merely as a _____.
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The ultimate aim of ______ is to bring people happiness and peace.
The ultimate aim of ______ is to bring people happiness and peace.
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To achieve happiness, it is essential to torture just one little ______.
To achieve happiness, it is essential to torture just one little ______.
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The command 'thou shalt not ______' must be universally applied.
The command 'thou shalt not ______' must be universally applied.
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Act Utilitarianism focuses on the ______ itself.
Act Utilitarianism focuses on the ______ itself.
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Rule Utilitarianism considers whether the moral rule will result in the greatest ______ for the greatest number.
Rule Utilitarianism considers whether the moral rule will result in the greatest ______ for the greatest number.
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The basis for a rational moral philosophy should be pure ______.
The basis for a rational moral philosophy should be pure ______.
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One Categorical Imperative is the concept of ______.
One Categorical Imperative is the concept of ______.
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A good will is necessary for the moral ______ of an action.
A good will is necessary for the moral ______ of an action.
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The internal validity of the moral command lies in its ______ to be universally true.
The internal validity of the moral command lies in its ______ to be universally true.
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The moral motive must be rooted in ______.
The moral motive must be rooted in ______.
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Study Notes
Ethics 1 Transes
- Utilitarianism prioritizes maximizing overall well-being and minimizing harm.
- The Trolley Problem is a thought experiment exploring moral dilemmas. Scenario 1 involves diverting a trolley to save five lives at the cost of one. Scenario 2 involves pushing a large man off a bridge to stop the trolley, again saving five lives.
- Deontology focuses on adherence to moral principles and rules, regardless of consequences. A deontologist would likely refuse to pull the lever (Scenario 1) or push the man (Scenario 2).
- The Ticking Time Bomb Scenario explores moral choices in extreme situations.
- The Principle of the Trolley Problem examines the ethics of extreme measures to prevent a catastrophe.
- Key arguments in utilizing Utilitarian and Deontological frameworks in the Trolley Problem and other scenarios.
- The Greatest Happiness Principle is a concept in Utilitarianism, that prioritizes actions that produce the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.
- John Stuart Mill expanded on Bentham's utilitarianism by adding a qualitative element, differentiating between different pleasures.
- Virtue ethics emphasizes the cultivation of moral character as essential to ethical decision-making.
- Utilitarianism and Virtue Ethics are contrasted and their strengths and weakness are discussed.
- Deontological Ethics is about acting from a sense of duty, that is because it s the right thing to do. A universalizability test can be used to help determine one´s duty.
- The concept of the Categorical Imperative is explained and its application to moral decision making.
- Discussion about if certain religious considerations apply to ethical decision making. Specifically the moral implications of torture is examined.
- Legal perspectives on issues like abortion, organ donation, and end-of-life decisions are analyzed.
- Discussions on the different religions and their unique perspective on ethical decision making is presented. Moral responsibilities are explored.
- Concepts in ethics, such as utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics alongside arguments against, and examples of their practical application in contemporary society.
- The main takeaways from the module with regards to specific religious perspectives are presented.
- Contemporary concerns are addressed along with a historical analysis of relevant topics in ethics.
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Description
Explore key concepts in ethics, focusing on Utilitarianism and Deontology. This quiz dives into thought experiments like the Trolley Problem and discusses principles like the Greatest Happiness Principle. Understand the moral dilemmas and frameworks shaping ethical decision-making.
