30 Questions
What are the three types of ethical philosophies mentioned in the text?
Absolutionism, pragmatism, and consequentialism
What is the principle developed by John Stuart Mill that focuses on the greatest benefit for the greatest number?
Utilitarianism
What is the primary weakness of Utilitarianism mentioned in the text?
Ignoring the interests of others
What do ethical dilemmas often involve, according to the text?
Conflicts between deeply held beliefs
What is the primary focus of consequential theories, as mentioned in the text?
Judging actions by their outcomes
What is the principle that emphasizes the inherent value of human beings and treating others as you would want to be treated?
The principle of self-determination
What are the informal controls on the media mentioned in the text?
Within and external forces like pressure groups, consumers, and advertisers
What is considered unethical in journalism and public relations?
Accepting gifts, freebies, or financial incentives in exchange for positive coverage
What is the Potter Box used for in ethical decision-making?
Defining the problem, identifying core values, applying ethical principles, and determining loyalties
What does the timeless problem-solving process 'SOLVE IT' ensure?
Consideration of all alternatives
What is the role of a press council in the media industry?
Monitoring media performance and ethical standards on a daily basis
What does 'Paola' refer to in the radio industry?
The practice of offering incentives to radio stations in exchange for playing specific songs
What does Cecilia Bach advocate for in ethical decision-making?
Empathy and applied ethics
What heavily influences media content according to the text?
Economic and commercial pressures
According to Immanuel Kant's ethical system, what does the categorical imperative suggest?
Acting according to universally applied rules
What does John Rawls' veil of ignorance determine?
The morality of issues
What does John Rawls suggest in developing a new social contract?
Minimizing personal biases and prejudices
What are the ethical responsibilities in the press, as mentioned in the text?
Social responsibility and acculturation
What can conflicts of interest in the media arise from, as mentioned in the text?
Personal ethics and professional duties
What do general moral rules include, based on the text?
Respecting others, being honest, and improving the community
From what can conflicts of interest arise, as mentioned in the text?
Personal conscience, duty to society, or duty to employer
What are the core values of the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA)?
Advocacy, honesty, expertise, independence, loyalty, and fairness
What are the four extremely important standards recommended by the Society of Professional Journalists (SPJ)?
Seek the truth and report it, minimize harm, act independently, and be accountable
What does the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) require in advertising?
Truth and advertising, backed by scientific evidence, and prevention of fraudulent advertising
What is the voluntary movie rating system adopted by the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA)?
The current movie rating system in effect today
What are the ethical standards recommended for journalists?
Be fair, honest, and courageous when reporting news; treat sources and colleagues with respect; be free of obligation to any interest other than the public's right to know; be obligated to your audience and to each other to other journalists
What organization sets the rules for the advertising industry?
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
What organization's core values include seeking the truth, reporting it, minimizing harm, acting independently, and being accountable?
Society of Professional Journalists (SPJ)
Which organization's standards require being free of obligation to any interest other than the public's right to know?
Society of Professional Journalists (SPJ)
What organization's core values include advocacy, honesty, expertise, independence, loyalty, and fairness?
Public Relations Society of America (PRSA)
Study Notes
Ethical Theories and Dilemmas
- Ethical behavior is determined by the best ratio of good to bad for society
- The golden mean philosophy emphasizes moderation in ethical dilemmas
- Immanuel Kant's ethical system is based on examining one's own conscience
- Kant's categorical imperative suggests acting according to universally applied rules
- John Rawls' veil of ignorance determines the morality of issues
- Rawls' social contract model helps in solving moral issues in educational settings
- John Rawls suggests minimizing personal biases and prejudices in developing a new social contract
- Ethical responsibilities in the press include social responsibility and acculturation
- Conflicts of interest in the media can arise from personal ethics and professional duties
- General moral rules include respecting others, being honest, and striving to improve the community
- Conflicts of interest can arise from personal conscience, duty to society, or duty to employer
Test your knowledge of ethical theories and dilemmas with this quiz. Explore concepts such as the golden mean philosophy, Immanuel Kant's ethical system, John Rawls' veil of ignorance, and ethical responsibilities in the press. Evaluate your understanding of universal moral rules and conflicts of interest in the media.
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