Ethical Perspectives Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does the contrast between insider and outsider perspectives illustrate about ethical judgments?

  • They are universally accepted in all cultures.
  • They are always in agreement with personal preferences.
  • They lack importance in modern society.
  • They are dependent on the cultural or religious context. (correct)

Why is capital punishment considered a more complex issue than personal musical preferences?

  • It impacts societal norms and ethical debates. (correct)
  • It is solely a matter of personal taste.
  • It requires no consensus within a community.
  • It is accepted uniformly across all nations.

What limitation does tolerance have in resolving ethical debates?

  • It eliminates the need for personal responsibility.
  • It dissolves all conflicts between differing ethical stances.
  • It can address all types of ethical questions effectively.
  • It is sufficient for personal preferences but lacks depth for major issues. (correct)

How might a nation that tolerates capital punishment domestically differ from one that rejects it?

<p>It generates ethical questions about responsibility and duty. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do personal and moral preferences like taste in music indicate about societal tolerance?

<p>They demand mutual tolerance among differing views. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nature of an ethical dilemma?

<p>Conflicting morals with no easy solution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes metaethics?

<p>Examination of the foundations and concepts of ethics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an ethical dilemma, which statement reflects the reality of outcomes?

<p>There is often no perfect outcome for stakeholders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is normative ethics primarily concerned with?

<p>Evaluating and prescribing moral behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs best illustrates the tension in ethical dilemmas?

<p>Privacy and Security (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept is NOT typically associated with ethical dilemmas?

<p>Indifference (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does applied ethics focus on?

<p>Real-world ethical issues in specific fields (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best captures the essence of ethical decision-making?

<p>It involves evaluating competing moral values (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical theory focuses on the character and virtues of the moral agent rather than rules or consequences?

<p>Virtue ethics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What issue does the question of whether moral standards are relative or absolute primarily address?

<p>The foundation of morality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which classical ethical theory is closely associated with the philosophy of Immanuel Kant?

<p>Deontology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which contemporary ethical branch focuses specifically on ethical issues related to health and biological sciences?

<p>Bioethics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical perspective questions whether individuals act out of self-interest (egoism) or concern for others (altruism)?

<p>Egoism vs. altruism debate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of care ethics within ethical theory?

<p>Emphasizing the importance of interpersonal relationships (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents an ethical approach distributed across disciplines such as medicine and psychology?

<p>Pragmatic ethics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of morality, what does the term 'consequentialism' specifically refer to?

<p>Evaluating the morality of actions based on their outcomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge does universalism face according to the content?

<p>It may be a simple restatement of cultural relativism. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of human life does the content suggest is misrepresented in universalism?

<p>The role of sex and race in ethical discussions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what is a key debate surrounding moral objectivism?

<p>Whether morality can be distinct from cultural customs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is implied regarding the nature of rights in the context of universalism?

<p>They must be relevant to every cultural context. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is to be examined about the relationship between universalism and particularism?

<p>Whether universalism can stand independent of cultural specifics. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does acculturation in psychology primarily involve?

<p>Connecting with the profession and its ethical culture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about normative conclusions is true?

<p>They require additional reasoning beyond just facts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many styles of acculturation are identified along the two axes?

<p>Four styles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which axes are used to describe the styles of acculturation?

<p>Cultural maintenance and contact/participation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of acculturation, what does 'cultural maintenance' refer to?

<p>The attempt to retain personal ethics alongside professional ethics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is acculturation described as a dynamic process?

<p>Because it evolves throughout education and career. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates someone's ability to participate in the ethical culture of psychology?

<p>Embracing psychological ethics and cultural contact (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration in the style of 'contact and participation' within acculturation?

<p>The willingness to engage with the ethical expectations of psychology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is described about the moral values in the content?

<p>They are underdeveloped and do not recognize the needs of others. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best reflects the relationship between original culture values and new accepted ethics?

<p>Maintaining values from the original culture can be challenging but is essential. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes the state of values when they are not fully recognized or appreciated?

<p>Underdeveloped (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following concepts likely contributes to an individual's difficulty in adapting to new ethics?

<p>Strong attachment to original cultural values (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'psychody' likely refer to in the context of values and ethics?

<p>The interplay of psychology and cultural traditions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way are values from an original culture seen in relation to new cultural adaptations?

<p>They serve as a foundation that may create tension in adaptation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential outcome for an individual with underdeveloped moral values?

<p>They struggle to provide help to others in need. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic would likely describe the maintenance of values from an original culture?

<p>Often faced with challenges during adaptation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ethical Dilemma

A situation with conflicting moral values and no easy solution, where every choice has downsides.

Normative Ethics

The study of morality, moral behavior, and how we should act.

Metaethics

The study of the foundation of morality, like what morality means, its nature, and its source.

Applied Ethics

Applying ethical principles to specific situations or areas, like business or medicine.

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Ethical Relativism

The idea that ethical judgments are influenced by our cultural or religious background, meaning what is considered right or wrong can vary across different societies.

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Personal Preference

Something that is a matter of personal preference, like music taste, and doesn't necessarily involve right or wrong.

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Societal Norm

A belief or idea about how society should be organized, often involving moral principles and impacting the community as a whole.

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Tolerance

The ability to accept and respect different opinions and beliefs, even if you don't agree with them.

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Tolerance's Limitations

Being accepting of different preferences and opinions is important, but alone it's not enough to resolve complex ethical dilemmas that involve wider moral principles and societal impacts.

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Universalism

The idea that ethical principles should apply equally to all individuals, regardless of their background or beliefs.

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External Source of Morality

The belief that morality and ethical standards are grounded in external factors like religious texts, natural laws, or divine principles.

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Appeal to External Ground

The practice of relying on external sources like religion, laws, or universal principles to determine right and wrong.

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DIY Morality

The idea that individuals should be able to create their own moral standards and principles, without relying on external sources.

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Moral Objectivism

A moral system that emphasizes objective truths about right and wrong, independent of individual preferences or cultural norms.

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Ethics

The branch of philosophy that explores the nature of morality, right and wrong, and good and bad.

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Consequentialism

A theory that judges the morality of an action based on its consequences. The best action is the one that produces the most good.

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Deontology

A theory that emphasizes moral duties and principles, regardless of consequences. It's about following rules and acting ethically even if the outcome isn't good.

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Virtue Ethics

A theory that focuses on character traits and virtues that lead to a good life. It's about being a good person, not just doing good things.

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Moral Relativism

A theory that suggests moral standards are relative, meaning they can change based on context, culture, or individual beliefs.

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Moral Absolutism

A theory that suggests moral standards are absolute, meaning they are unchanging and universally true, regardless of context.

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Acculturation in Psychology

The process of becoming familiar and integrated with the values, norms, and traditions of the psychology profession.

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Professional Culture

A set of shared beliefs, meanings, practices, and values that guide the behavior of members within a profession.

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Psychological Ethics

The ethical principles that guide the behavior of psychologists.

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Cultural Maintenance

The tendency to maintain or reject one's own cultural values and practices while interacting with the broader culture.

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Contact and Participation

The extent to which someone embraces and participates in the culture of their profession.

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Integration (Acculturation)

A strategy of acculturation where someone incorporates elements of both their own culture and the new culture they are entering.

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Hume's Guillotine

The inability to draw conclusions about what should be done based solely on observations about what is.

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Underdeveloped Moral Sense

A person with an underdeveloped moral sense might struggle to recognize the needs of others and might not be sufficiently motivated to help them.

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Underdeveloped Moral Sense and Professing Values

People with a relatively underdeveloped moral sense might not be able to 'profess' their values because they lack the internal compass to know what those values even are.

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Discarding Original Culture's Values

When someone grows up in a very different culture, they might reject or 'discard' the values and traditions from their original culture as they adapt to their new environment.

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High Capacity for Ethical Adaptation

People with a 'relatively high' capacity for understanding and adapting to new ethical frameworks are more likely to be open to new ideas and different perspectives.

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Acceptance of New Ethical Frameworks

The acceptance of a 'new' ethical framework suggests that someone has expanded their understanding and can integrate new knowledge into their moral reasoning.

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Psychologically Sound Ethics

The idea that the best ethics are those that are 'psychologically sound' suggests that ethics should be grounded in human psychology and understanding. This means ethical systems should be realistic and practical and consider people's natural tendencies.

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Psychoethics

This refers to the ethics established within the field of psychology. It's a set of guidelines for ethical practice within the psychology profession, ensuring ethical conduct in research, therapy, etc.

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Contact With Psychology for Ethical Understanding

This suggests that engaging in 'contact' with the field of psychology can lead to a deeper understanding of ethics. This could mean studying psychology, working in the field, or simply being open to psychological perspectives.

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Study Notes

Introduction to Psychological Ethics

  • Psychology is a "helping profession" with an ethical component needing consideration for all interactions.
  • Psychological ethics must consider the impact of both actions and personal conduct.
  • There's a difference between morality and ethics. Morality often refers to personal values, while ethics has a broader contextual and practical focus.

Ethics and Culture

  • Ancient Greek philosophers saw ethics as integral to living a virtuous life (character development).
  • Modern psychology emphasizes practical codes of ethics to guide actions in research and clinical practice.
  • Ethical codes focus on action, while the ethical character of the individual is less emphasized.

Ethical Dilemmas and Values

  • Ethical dilemmas involve conflicting moral values, norms, or principles.
  • There's often no single "right" answer, and ethical decisions have varying trade-offs for multiple stakeholder interests.
  • Freedom, privacy, loyalty, friendship, preventing harm, safety, integrity, truthfulness are examples of relevant ethical values and principles.

Three Main Areas of Ethics

  • Metaethics: Studies the nature of moral principles and how knowledge is justified in moral philosophy
  • Normative ethics: Evaluates moral principles, guides decision-making, and attempts a structured approach to determining what's right.
  • Applied ethics: Deals with practical applications of ethics focusing on specific disciplines, like professional ethics in a field.

Universalism vs. Relativism

  • Universalism suggests there are objective moral principles applicable across all cultures.
  • Relativism posits morality depends on cultural norms and context.
  • Both perspectives are debated concerning their effectiveness in explaining/addressing ethical dilemmas..

Acculturation and Professional Ethics

  • Psychology has its own ethical culture distinct from other cultures.
  • There are varying ways (styles) to adapt to this new professional environment.
  • Strategies for adapting include marginalization, separation, assimilation, and integration.
  • Acculturation is ongoing and evolves over time.

Notable Experiments

  • The Stanford Prison Experiment and the Milgram Experiment highlighted the potential for dehumanization, roles, and influence on behavior.
  • These experiments spurred the development of modern ethical guidelines in research.

Psychology's Intersection with Society

  • Psychological theories, research, and practice influence society's ethical thinking and moral understanding.
  • There's a mutual influence between psychology and ethics; neither discipline is static.

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Description

Test your understanding of ethical judgments and dilemmas with this quiz. Explore the contrasts between insider and outsider perspectives, the complexities of capital punishment, and the limits of tolerance in ethical debates. Ideal for those studying ethics or philosophy.

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