Ethical Dilemmas & Moral Theories Quiz
34 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What defines a dilemma?

  • A situation where neither choice is better than the other (correct)
  • A forced decision resulting from external pressure
  • A choice between right and wrong
  • A situation where both options are equally favorable

    • What does Divine Command Theory assert?

  • Individuals are the sole authority on morality
  • Moral principles are universal and unchanging
  • Right and wrong are defined by societal norms
  • Moral conduct is determined by God's commands (correct)

    • According to Relativism, what is necessary to determine whether an action is right or wrong?

  • Advice from authority figures
  • A strict moral code
  • Cultural beliefs and traditions
  • The context of the situation (correct)

    • What did William Paley compare the universe to in his Design Argument?

    <p>A watch that requires a designer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main finding of Milgram's Shock Experiment?

    <p>Majority of participants are willing to harm others under authority (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of Situation Ethics?

    <p>The most loving consequences dictate moral choices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do absolutists believe about moral principles?

    <p>They remain constant and unchanging (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered an influence on our decisions?

    <p>Chance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the pro-choice perspective primarily emphasize regarding abortion?

    <p>A woman has the right to choose. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reasoning used by those in favor of legalizing abortion?

    <p>It prevents unsafe backstreet abortions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement reflects the 'sanctity of life' belief?

    <p>Life is precious and should be protected at all stages. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the scientific perspective, when does personhood begin?

    <p>At conception. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of backstreet abortions?

    <p>They can result in severe health complications. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential ethical concern regarding designer babies?

    <p>They could create social inequalities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which religious perspective supports the belief that life is valuable at all stages?

    <p>Islam commands the protection of life. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the legalization of abortion in the UK affect abortion rates?

    <p>The rate of unsafe abortions decreased. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concern is raised regarding the practice of 'sex selection' in abortion?

    <p>It can lead to devaluation of life based on gender. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following summarizes a pro-choice view on unwanted pregnancies?

    <p>Quality of life should take precedence over life. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key argument against legalizing designer babies?

    <p>They risk altering human genetic identity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of pro-life beliefs, what does the term 'sanctity of life' imply?

    <p>Life is sacred and should not be violated. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential benefit of designer babies, according to proponents?

    <p>They can eliminate diseases and improve quality of life. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of absolutism?

    <p>Some actions are inherently right or wrong. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes Divine Command Theory?

    <p>It asserts that actions are right only if they align with God's commands. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a criticism of Situation Ethics?

    <p>It allows for individual interpretations of love leading to moral ambiguity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'personhood' refer to in the context of abortion?

    <p>The recognition of an individual as a person. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to proponents of the pro-life stance, when does life begin?

    <p>At fertilization. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one advantage of Divine Command Theory?

    <p>It eliminates confusion in moral decision making. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind Situation Ethics?

    <p>Love should be the guiding principle in moral decisions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best exemplifies the slippery slope argument?

    <p>A small allowance of change could lead to larger immoral actions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a commonly cited negative aspect of Divine Command Theory?

    <p>It lacks authority as God does not communicate directly. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Agape Love specifically refer to?

    <p>An unconditional and selfless form of love. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of abortion, what is meant by 'viability'?

    <p>The ability of a foetus to live outside the womb. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary belief of relativists regarding moral actions?

    <p>Each situation can change what is considered moral. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biblical principle emphasizes God's compassion?

    <p>Omnibenevolence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Ethical Dilemmas & Moral Theories

    • Dilemma: A situation with two equally undesirable choices.
    • Obey: To follow instructions, even if they conflict with personal desires.
    • Relativism: The belief that morality depends on the context of the situation.
    • Absolutism: The belief that moral principles never change.
    • Divine Command Theory: Right and wrong are determined by God's commands.
    • Situation Ethics: Morality is determined by the most loving outcome in a given situation.
    • Agape Love: Unconditional and selfless love, as exemplified in Christianity.

    Ethical Arguments for God's Existence

    • Cosmological Argument (Aquinas): The universe has a cause, and that first cause is God.
    • Design Argument (Paley): The complexity of the universe suggests a designer—God.

    Social Psychology Experiment

    • Milgram's Shock Experiment: A study demonstrating obedience to authority, even when harmful actions are involved. Two-thirds of participants obeyed.

    Factors Influencing Decisions

    • Law: Legal regulations influence decisions.
    • Friends & Family: Social relationships can influence choices.
    • Religion: Faith-based beliefs often shape decisions.
    • Greed & Selfishness: Personal desires can impact choices.
    • Education: Learning and experiences influence ethical reasoning.

    Positions on Obedience to Authority

    • For: Obedience to authority is morally justifiable, as God is the ultimate authority.
    • Against: Authority can lead to harmful actions, and individuals should think critically.

    Relativism

    • Moral principles are adaptable to different situations. Actions are not inherently right or wrong without context.

    Absolutism

    • Moral principles are unchanging; certain actions remain right or wrong.
    • Emphasizes fairness and clear rules for a well-functioning society.
    • Examples of absolutist views on stealing, lying, and killing.

    Divine Command Theory

    • An action is right if God commands it, a theory based on strict obedience.
    • Positives: Clear guidelines, lack of emotional distortion in decision-making, set rules directly from God.
    • Negatives: Potential contradictions in God's commands, difficulty knowing God's will, differing interpretations of those beliefs, issues with outdated commands.

    Situation Ethics

    • Morality is solely determined by the most loving consequences of a decision.
    • Positives: Considers specific situations and promotes empathy.
    • Negatives: Difficult to objectively measure the "most loving."

    The Abortion Debate

    • UK Abortion Law: Legal up to 24 weeks in certain circumstances (disability, mother’s health).
    • Pro-life: Beliefs that suggest a fetus has a right to life and abortion is morally wrong.
    • Pro-choice: The belief that a woman has the right to choose whether to have an abortion.
    • Personhood: The ethical status of being considered a person.
    • Viability: The ability of a fetus to survive outside the womb.
    • Different perspectives on when personhood begins (e.g., conception vs. birth).
    • Sanctity of Life: The idea that life is sacred and should be protected.
    • Quality of Life: Considerations surrounding the potential difficulties of raising a child with a condition.
    • Backstreet Abortions - illegal unsafe abortions, impacting global abortion rates.
    • Reasons for accessing illegal abortions

    Designer Babies:

    • Arguments Against: Concerns about potential quality of life issues, potential for social inequality, manipulation of life (playing God).
    • Arguments For: Potential to prevent serious diseases, enhance human health, and improve overall quality of life.

    Scientific & Philosophical Perspectives on Personhood

    • Scientific: Debates on when personhood begins (conception, specific brain development milestones.)

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Test your understanding of ethical dilemmas, moral theories, and arguments for God's existence. This quiz explores concepts such as relativism, absolutism, and various ethical viewpoints, alongside key psychological experiments demonstrating obedience. Perfect for students of ethics and philosophy!

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser