Ethical Decision-Making Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which ethical test focuses on the consequences of a decision?

Outcomes Test (correct)

Moral Duty Test

Integrity Test

Rights Test

What aspect does the Integrity Test primarily examine?

The impact on stakeholder relationships

The financial implications of the decision

Legal compliance of the decision

How the decision aligns with one's character (correct)

In ethical decision-making, what does the Utilitarian approach prioritize?

The greatest good for the greatest number (correct)

Personal loyalty

Moral virtues

Legal obligations

Which ethical approach is concerned with adhering to moral duties?

Deontology Signup and view all the answers

What key question is associated with the Rights Test in ethical decision-making?

What rights are affected by this decision? Signup and view all the answers

What is the first stage in ethical decision making?

Awareness Signup and view all the answers

In the context of moral judgement, which of the following factors can influence the decision-making process?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What role does normative theory play in ethical decision-making stages?

It aids primarily in moral judgement. Signup and view all the answers

Which stage comes after Intent in the ethical decision-making process?

Behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that can lead to unethical decisions?

Personal ethics Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the narrow view of corporate profit maximization?

To ensure profit is achieved without deception or fraud Signup and view all the answers

According to Carroll’s CSR Model, what are the four types of demands corporations attempt to meet?

Economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary motivation behind the Power argument regarding corporations?

To act as responsible agents within society using their influence Signup and view all the answers

What does the dependency argument suggest about corporations and society?

Corporations and society benefit from mutual consideration of interests and goals Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines a stakeholder according to Freeman's definition?

Any individual or group that can influence or is influenced by the corporation Signup and view all the answers

What kind of responsibilities do corporations have according to the Externalities argument?

To address the negative externalities they cause, like pollution Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does not fit into Carroll's CSR Model?

Philosophical responsibilities Signup and view all the answers

Which principle is central to the Stakeholder Theory of the firm?

The interests of all stakeholders must be considered in decision-making Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of risk analysis and management?

To mitigate and prevent risks Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes ethics governance?

It comprises specific managers, officers, and committees. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key goal of ethics education and training?

To identify situations where ethical decision-making is involved Signup and view all the answers

What benefit does stakeholder dialogue provide to an organization?

Generates new knowledge about societal interests Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a problem associated with stakeholder communication and collaboration?

Resource intensity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the purpose of ethics consultants?

To offer technical advice and support Signup and view all the answers

What challenge can arise due to culture clashes in stakeholder dialogue?

Resistance to collaboration Signup and view all the answers

What does stakeholder dialogue aim to achieve?

Alignment with the core interests of the company Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary goal of business ethics management?

To manage ethical issues through specific policies Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of business ethics management?

Employee performance reviews Signup and view all the answers

How can organizations identify ethical risks?

Through risk analysis and management Signup and view all the answers

What role do mission or values statements play in business ethics management?

They provide a framework for ethical decision making Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes conditions under which ethical issues may be managed?

Formally or informally at any time Signup and view all the answers

Which element supports effective business ethics management by ensuring accountability?

Auditing, accounting, and reporting Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential aspect of stakeholder dialogue in business ethics management?

It fosters transparent communication Signup and view all the answers

Which normative ethical theory focuses on the consequences of actions?

Teleological ethics Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of business ethics management involves consulting external experts?

Ethics consultants Signup and view all the answers

In what way does ethics education and training contribute to business ethics management?

It raises awareness and develops ethical decision-making skills Signup and view all the answers

What is a key risk associated with globalization in relation to capital markets?

Greater financial risks and instability due to lack of regulation Signup and view all the answers

How does outsourcing production to developing countries affect employees?

It provides jobs but raises potential for exploitation and poor working conditions Signup and view all the answers

What impact does globalization have on consumers regarding social benefits?

It provides social benefits but may face backlash for cultural imperialism Signup and view all the answers

What potential financial issue can arise from globalization?

Increased financial risks from capital market deregulation Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the ethical implications of corporations outsourcing?

It raises potential for exploitation of workers in developing countries Signup and view all the answers

Which stakeholder group is directly affected by the risks associated with globalization?

Civil society organizations, including NGOs Signup and view all the answers

What is a misconception about the effects of globalization on job creation?

Outsourcing is always beneficial for developing nations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about globalization is correct?

It can provide jobs while increasing risks of exploitation Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Course Timetable

The course covers Business Ethics & Corporate Social Responsibility
The timetable includes both in-person and online sessions
Topics include introductions, personal ethics, normative theories, descriptive theories along with business ethics and management
Specific dates and formats (e.g., in person, online) for different sessions are listed

Program for today

Topics for the day are listed, like ethical and social responsibilities of companies, Stakeholder Theory

How to participate?

Instructions for a collaborative online discussion platform (wooclap) are given, using event code BECSR

Flaw #1, Flaw #2, Flaw #3

The purpose of a corporation is to maximize profits
Managers should run the corporation for shareholders
People are merely self-interested

What is a corporation?

Corporations are a dominant form of businesses in a global economy
Corporations hold independent legal status from their owners/shareholders, and have responsibilities, rights, and responsibilities of their own
Corporations own their assets, including factories, offices, machinery etc
Corporations are legally responsible for their actions

Are corporations morally and socially responsible?

Some argue human beings bear moral and social responsibilities, not corporations
Managers act as agents of shareholders & should focus solely on maximizing profit.
Social and environmental issues are distractions from core business, and are irresponsible if they reduce profits
Businesses should operate within the existing free-market rules

The Externalities, Power & Dependency arguments

Corporations create negative consequences (e.g., pollution, resources depletion, community problems) for which they bear moral responsibility
Corporations are powerful entities which wield influence in society, therefore have a responsibility to use power responsibly
Corporations and society are mutually dependent, thereby having the responsibility to consider the interests of stakeholders

Carroll's CSR Model

CSR signifies a company's effort to meet the economic, legal, ethical & philanthropic requirements of a given society
Economic responsibilities form the foundation
Legal responsibilities are based on a societal codification of right and wrong
Ethical responsibilities focus on what is right, fair & just
Philanthropic responsibilities involve community contributions and enhancing quality of life

CSR narrow view VS broad view

A narrow view recognizes limited social responsibility and strictly confines their actions to what's legally required
A responsive view means responding to market requests for contributions, and acting on a case by case basis
A proactive view involves integrating social responsibility into a business' strategy, and contributing as part of business goals

Stakeholder Theory of the Firm

A stakeholder in an entity is any person or group affected by or who affect the achievement of its objectives
Two core principles for corporations are: 1) not violating others' rights, and 2) bearing responsibility for effects of actions on others

Stakeholder Vs CSR

The CSR approach emphasizes corporate responsibilities
The stakeholder approach focuses on groups the corporation has responsibility towards

Managing stakeholder expectations

Key stakeholders, like employees, partners, customers, and the government, and how to manage their expectations.
Stakeholders are linked to the company in a network-like model

Ethical Conduct in Business: Case Studies

Specific organizational case studies are referenced to illustrate issues of ethical behavior

Instructions

Detailed instructions for group work concerning films/series and ethical case studies, including steps for film/series selection, ethical decision analysis/justification (using theories from class)
Instructions regarding which ethical theories to use (normative & descriptive), factors that influence ethical decision making, plus group presentation guidelines & deadlines

Deadlines to Remember

Different deadlines for completing and submitting the various phases of the project are outlined

Ethical Theories: Practical Guide

Summary and comparison of approaches/theories, including utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics
Explaining what these are and how they differ, using examples where relevant

Three Ethical Tests

Methodology for assessing ethical dimensions of decisions, for judging whether it's morally right or wrong (The Rights test, The Outcomes Test, & The Integrity Test)

Normative Ethical Theories I & II

Discussion of normative ethical theories: including utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics
Their basic principles, features, and implications, and how they apply to various situations.

Descriptive Ethical Theories

Focuses on how ethical decisions are actually made in business
Explains factors that influence the process and outcome of decisions including individual and situational factors

Stages in Ethical Decision Making

Four stages: Awareness, Judgement, Intention, and Behavior
Important aspect of the role of normative ethics in decision making

Factors influencing ethical decision making

Individual factors (e.g., age, gender, culture, moral development, locus of control, rationalization, unconscious biases, and moral imagination)
Situational factors : (e.g., power, emotional distance, bounded ethicality, organizational culture, authority, and moral framing, and pressure)
These factors affect individuals who make ethical decision-making

Rationalizing Unethical Behaviors

Different strategies used to justify unethical behaviors
Examples of unethical behaviors, like cheating on exams, corruption and denouncing colleagues for promotion.

Limits of Deontology and Utilitarianism

Focuses on the limitations and criticisms of the normative ethical theories of deontology, and utilitarianism's shortcomings in real-world application, considering how difficult it is to assess and define these theories in a business context

Formal Ethics Programmes

Four main orientations: 1) Compliance, 2) Values, 3) External, and 4) Protection.
Explaining the different orientations and how they address ethical issues

Business Ethics in a Global World

Explanations of globalization and its relevant ethical issues
Ethical impacts of globalization on various stakeholder groups (shareholders, employees, consumers, competitors, civil society groups, governments, and regulations)
Methods for ethical business in the international context, including regional contrasts.

Sustainability

The ethical implications of corporate sustainability
Different approaches to understanding and engaging with sustainability issues
Discusses the triple bottom line concerning economic, societal, and environmental parameters

Ethics & AI

Ethical concerns and opportunities in Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Framework assessing AI impact with regards to whether it's harmful, valuable or underused to society
Clarifies the 3 key components (lawful, ethical, and robust) which are necessary to ensure trustworthy AI

ChatGPT & Moral Issues

What ChatGPT is, its capabilities, and how it creates responses
Potential benefits and risks (misuse) of Chat GPT regarding ethical issues of AI

Regional Differences

Analysis of differing approaches to ethical conduct across various regions (e.g., Europe, North America, Asia) in business.
Factors such as management styles and accountability differences.
Comparing the key ethical issues in these regions.

Dimensions of Global Business Ethics

Important dimensions of global business ethics
Issues about differing ways of doing business, impacts on indigenous businesses, and the varying standards of labor and environment.
Challenges in establishing accountability over an extended supply chain.

Sustainability and Tensions

Discussion of tensions and difficulties in pursuing sustainability
Three key components: levels (multifaceted), radical change, and contextual factors.

Sustainability is Not Easy,

Illustrates the inherent complexity of implementing sustainability initiatives
Emphasizes the need for large-scale changes, considerable investment of resources, and the significance of the Land Gap within climate plans

Understanding How to Tackle Ethical Challenges in an AI-Driven World

How to evaluate opportunities, address risks, understand different ethical issues, and develop responsible AI practices
Discussion of frameworks and guidelines used to navigate ethical dilemmas in AI
Applying ethical principles for decision-making concerning AI.

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Description

Test your knowledge on ethical decision-making principles and theories. This quiz covers various ethical tests, approaches, and the stages involved in making moral judgments. Challenge yourself to understand the complexities of corporate ethics and social responsibility.