Ethical Codes in Psychology

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Questions and Answers

What is a key responsibility of psychologists according to the principles of professionalism?

Developing relationships based on mutual trust (correct)

Offering services without any ethical considerations

Avoiding collaboration with other professionals

Prioritizing personal gain over client needs

Which action demonstrates an understanding of the principle of justice in psychology?

Ensuring confidentiality at all costs

Giving preferential treatment to certain clients

Applying biased judgment in client assessments

Acknowledging and mitigating potential biases (correct)

What is the primary focus of the principle of benefit in psychological practice?

Maximizing financial gain from clients

Ensuring only a select few benefit from services

Delivering services without consideration of client rights

Serving human well-being and minimizing risks (correct)

Psychologists must be aware of which of the following factors that could lead to misuse of their influence?

Organizational or political factors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reflects a commitment to professional responsibility?

Referring clients to appropriate professionals when needed Signup and view all the answers

What should psychologists do in relation to ethical and professional compliance?

Prioritize it in all service aspects Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is essential for psychologists to ensure their clients' rights are protected?

Minimizing the risk of negative impacts Signup and view all the answers

In the context of ethical practices, psychologists should exhibit which of the following qualities?

Open-mindedness to all clients' needs Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental basis for developing the ethical code in psychology?

Ethics Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a psychologist?

Graduates of professional education in psychology Signup and view all the answers

What area does a psychologist NOT provide services in?

Architecture design Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT associated with the role of a psychological scientist?

Providing clinical psychological services Signup and view all the answers

What level of education is typically required for someone to be considered a psychological scientist?

Undergraduate and/or master's and/or doctoral in psychology Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes an activity a psychologist may engage in?

Administration of psychological assessments Signup and view all the answers

In the context of psychology, what does the term 'applied groups' refer to?

Psychological scientists who apply theories in practical settings Signup and view all the answers

What is a requirement for psychologists to practice psychology?

Licensing according to regulations Signup and view all the answers

What ethical violation did Noni likely commit by requiring cheerleader members to prioritize the program over personal commitments?

Misuse of authority violation Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of the Psychology Code of Ethics might Noni's actions be viewed as undermining?

Respect for autonomy of members Signup and view all the answers

What might be an appropriate response by the cheerleader members if they feel pressured by Noni's demands?

Communicate their conflicts and negotiate attendance Signup and view all the answers

In what way could Noni have better respected the members' commitments?

By making attendance voluntary Signup and view all the answers

What is a key principle that Noni violated related to the well-being of the cheerleader members?

Promotion of well-being Signup and view all the answers

What could be a consequence of Noni's strong encouragement for participation in the program?

Resentment from members towards leadership Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical responsibility could Noni have considered to enhance fairness in her approach?

Ensuring equal involvement opportunities Signup and view all the answers

How might the members' trust in leadership be affected by Noni's actions?

It may decrease due to perceived pressure Signup and view all the answers

What does informed consent ensure for the client during psychological interventions?

The client has the right to deny participation and understand the activities involved. Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical guideline must be adhered to when conducting research involving human participants?

The research must undergo ethical code board evaluation and consider participant impact. Signup and view all the answers

What does client confidentiality entail in psychological interventions?

Clients have the right to know about their interventions, but confidentiality must be maintained. Signup and view all the answers

What does privileged communication refer to in the context of psychological interventions?

The client’s preference to keep their intervention details confidential from third parties. Signup and view all the answers

What initial step must be taken if there is a violation of the psychological code of ethics?

A meeting must be arranged to discuss the violation. Signup and view all the answers

Who has the right to know the points of intervention, in general, alongside the client?

Parents, unless the client requests otherwise. Signup and view all the answers

What must be discussed and approved by the client regarding their intervention notes?

The opening of their private notes to any third party. Signup and view all the answers

What is required by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) concerning client intervention points?

The privacy of client intervention points must be protected. Signup and view all the answers

What action did Noni propose as a consequence for students not attending extracurricular activities?

Punishment measures Signup and view all the answers

What role does Dito hold at the school?

Guidance and counseling teacher Signup and view all the answers

What educational background does Dito have?

Bachelor of Psychology Signup and view all the answers

What controversial claim does Dono make during his seminars?

He can diagnose any psychological disorder. Signup and view all the answers

What unethical behavior has been reported about Dono in his practice?

He develops romantic relationships with clients. Signup and view all the answers

What is a major concern regarding the influence of Dono on his clients?

He diagnoses many clients without proper evaluations. Signup and view all the answers

How does Dito contribute to public discourse regarding the violence case he is involved with?

He shares updates on his social media platforms. Signup and view all the answers

What potential danger arises from the way Dono interacts with his followers and clients?

Disappointment might lead to follower terrorizing. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ethical Codes and Psychologist/Psychological Scientist

Psychologist: A graduate of a professional psychology program (Bachelor of Psychology, Masters in Psychology, or equivalent). Licensed to provide psychological services: clinical practice, counseling, research, teaching, supervision, community service, policy development, social and clinical interventions, assessment development, assessment administration, counseling, organizational consulting, forensics, program design, and evaluation.
Psychological Scientist: An expert in psychology with a background in undergraduate, master's, and/or doctoral psychology programs. Authorized to provide psychological services: research, teaching, supervision in training, community service, policy development, social intervention, development of psychological assessment instruments, administering assessments, simple counseling, organizational consulting, and program design and evaluation.
Psychological Scientist Categories: Pure science (science) and applied groups.

Ethical Principles

Competence: Maintaining competence in conducting psychological services.
Trust: Developing relationships based on mutual trust and being aware of professional responsibility.
Accountability: Taking responsibility for actions.
Consultation & Referrals: Consulting, cooperating, or referring to other professionals and institutions to ensure optimal service delivery.
Ethical and Professional Compliance: Prioritizing ethical and professional compliance.
Pro Bono Work: Willingness to dedicate time to professional activities without or with limited compensation.

Ethical Principles (cont.)

Justice: Understanding that honesty and fairness are fundamental rights. Applying judgments based on professional justification. Being aware of potential biases, acknowledging competency limitations, and recognizing expertise boundaries.
Benefit: Striving to serve and contribute to human well-being. Protecting the rights and minimizing risks of negative impact for clients. Being aware of personal, financial, social, organizational, or political factors that could lead to misuse of influence.

Ethical Code Implications

Informed Consent: Ensuring clients understand the goals and aspects of activities involving them. Clients have the right to comprehend the activities and decline participation.
Research with Humans: Considering the impact of research activities on participants. Research must undergo ethical code board evaluation.
- Client Confidentiality: Protecting client confidentiality as an interventionist. Clients have the right to access notes about their intervention. Parents typically have the right to access these notes.
- HIPAA: The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act regulates privacy of interventions (APA, 2013).
- Privileged Communication: Specific cases where only the client can access notes.
- Third-Party Access: Permission for third-party access to notes must be discussed and approved by the client.

Violation of the Psychological Code of Ethics

Ethical Review Process: The Central Executive Board, in collaboration with the Regional Executive, provides feedback to the Regional or Central Psychological Council regarding ethics violations.
- Steps:
  - Convene a meeting to discuss the problem.
  - Request clarification from the individual(s) or group involved in the violation.
  - Determine the type of violation based on the clarification.

Violating the Psychological Code of Ethics (cont.)

Majelis Psikologi (MP) Role: Clarifies and provides feedback to HIMPSI members who are potentially violating the code.
Decision Making: MP evaluates the evidence and determines the consequences of the violation. Members can appeal the decision to the regional or central management.
Collaboration and Reporting: The Central Management, in collaboration with the regional management, may involve the Psychology Council to discuss the matter or publicly announce the violation based on the situation.

Learning the Code of Ethics

Importance of Knowing the Code: Students and professionals are strongly encouraged to familiarize themselves with the Indonesian Code of Ethics, created by the Indonesian Psychological Association (HIMPSI).

Case Studies

Case 1: Noni and the Cheerleaders:
- Violation: Using inappropriate power dynamics with the cheerleaders. Noni may be violating code principles governing competency as she is not a current official.
- Ethical Concerns: Noni's assumption that "Noni as an alumni and has been in that extracurricular for 3 years feels that she knows the problems that occur and immediately arranges a program based on her previous experience." (text). She assumes her experience as a cheerleader is adequate to address the issues, neglecting the potential for more appropriate professional guidance.
Case 2: Dito and the School Violence:
- Violation: Potential breach of client confidentiality. Dito may be violating code principles governing confidentiality and the ethical use of data. The text states that "The media also try to get details of the investigation of the case at the Police. Dito knew the case in detail because he was accompanying the police during the investigation. He also accompanies his students during the discussion process with legal advisors. Dito saw that the public already had some information, so it was no problem for him to share a little more on his Youtube channel so that viewers who were interested in this case could get more complete information." It needs to be determined if Dito received consent to share the information, even if he was present during the investigation and the discussion. The text also states "This is also done so that the public knows the existing cases and puts pressure on law enforcers so that this case is decided more quickly because it interferes with the welfare of the students." The text does not refer to ethical use of media coverage or the impact it may have on the students. It is crucial to address the ethical concerns regarding privacy and how the information may affect his students.
Case 3: Dono, The Motivator:
- Violation: Possible violations of several ethical principles, including competence, informed consent, professional boundaries, and the ethical use of therapeutic techniques.
- Ethical Concerns: Dono's statements regarding his abilities to diagnose and heal psychological disorders lack professional grounding, possibly leading to unethical practices. His involvement in romantic and sexual relationships with clients directly conflicts with professional boundaries and ethical codes. The text states "Dono diagnoses many of his clients and claims that they are cured after several consultations with him. Some people who are disappointed with him will get terror from his followers." This suggests that Dono is misrepresenting his professional credentials, as well as providing inadequate care to clients, which could be considered malpractice.

Conclusion

This text emphasizes the importance of ethical codes in psychology. The ethical framework outlines principles for providing responsible and ethical psychological services. It's crucial to understand and adhere to these codes to ensure client safety and well-being. Each situation must be investigated critically. It is essential for professionals to be aware of the ethical implications of their actions and strive to uphold the highest standards of practice.

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Explore the ethical codes governing psychologists and psychological scientists through this informative quiz. Understand the roles, responsibilities, and distinctions between these professionals as well as their contributions to the field. Perfect for students and professionals alike in psychology and related disciplines.