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Estrogens and Hormone Replacement Therapy

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Estrogens and Hormone Replacement Therapy

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary advantage of using nonoral estrogens?

They have a higher risk of deep vein thrombosis

They avoid first pass metabolism and result in a more physiologic estradiol : estrone ratio (correct)

They are more effective in treating urogenital atrophy

They are only available in transdermal dosage forms

What is the main component of conjugated equine estrogens?

Ethinyl estradiol

17α-dihydroequilin

Estrone sulfate (correct)

Estradiol

What is the effect of oral estradiol on estrone concentrations?

It increases estrone concentrations three to six times (correct)

It reduces estrone concentrations to half

It completely eliminates estrone

It has no effect on estrone concentrations

What is the result of using transdermal estrogen dosage forms?

A decrease in sex hormone–binding globulin, triglycerides, and blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication for Femring?

Moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the trend in recent evidence regarding estrogen doses?

Lower doses of estrogens are effective in controlling postmenopausal symptoms and reducing bone loss Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect of estrogen therapy?

Nausea Signup and view all the answers

Which type of estrogen therapy is less likely to cause breast tenderness and gallbladder disease?

Transdermal estrogen Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for MHT?

Personal history of breast cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the increased risk associated with combined oral MHT containing estrogen and progestogen?

Venous thromboembolism and stroke Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of estrogen alone on endometrial cancer risk in individuals with an intact uterus?

Increases the risk Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of combined estrogen and progestogen therapy on dementia in postmenopausal individuals 65 years or older?