Estrogens and Hormone Replacement Therapy
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary advantage of using nonoral estrogens?

  • They have a higher risk of deep vein thrombosis
  • They avoid first pass metabolism and result in a more physiologic estradiol : estrone ratio (correct)
  • They are more effective in treating urogenital atrophy
  • They are only available in transdermal dosage forms

    • What is the main component of conjugated equine estrogens?

  • Ethinyl estradiol
  • 17α-dihydroequilin
  • Estrone sulfate (correct)
  • Estradiol

    • What is the effect of oral estradiol on estrone concentrations?

  • It increases estrone concentrations three to six times (correct)
  • It reduces estrone concentrations to half
  • It completely eliminates estrone
  • It has no effect on estrone concentrations

    • What is the result of using transdermal estrogen dosage forms?

    <p>A decrease in sex hormone–binding globulin, triglycerides, and blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indication for Femring?

    <p>Moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trend in recent evidence regarding estrogen doses?

    <p>Lower doses of estrogens are effective in controlling postmenopausal symptoms and reducing bone loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect of estrogen therapy?

    <p>Nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of estrogen therapy is less likely to cause breast tenderness and gallbladder disease?

    <p>Transdermal estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for MHT?

    <p>Personal history of breast cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the increased risk associated with combined oral MHT containing estrogen and progestogen?

    <p>Venous thromboembolism and stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of estrogen alone on endometrial cancer risk in individuals with an intact uterus?

    <p>Increases the risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of combined estrogen and progestogen therapy on dementia in postmenopausal individuals 65 years or older?

    <p>Increases the risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

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