Hormone Replacement Therapy and Breast Cancer Risk Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the structural analogue of spironolactone?

  • Levonorgestrel
  • Desogestrel
  • Drospirenone (correct)
  • Norethindrone

Which of the following is a C-19 progestin with anti-androgenic activity?

  • Drospirenone (correct)
  • Norelgestromin
  • Norethindrone
  • Norgestimate

What is the main mechanism of action of Clomiphene citrate?

  • Estrogen receptor antagonist
  • GnRH agonist
  • LH agonist
  • FSH inhibitor (correct)

Which C-19 progestin has minimal or no overall androgenic side effects?

<p>Drospirenone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do hormonal contraceptives like birth control pills affect FSH and LH release from the pituitary?

<p>Decrease FSH and LH release (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why estrogen is used alone should be given in a cyclic administration?

<p>To mimic natural hormone fluctuations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what condition should estrogen therapy be used in combination with progesterone?

<p>Primary hypogonadism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone replacement therapy is increasingly discouraged in postmenopausal women due to increased risks of breast cancer and cardiovascular events?

<p>Combination of estrogen and progesterone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of continual administration of combination estrogen/progestin oral contraceptives for acne?

<p>Decreases ovarian androgen synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition does estrogen primarily target by inhibiting bone resorption but not stimulating new bone synthesis?

<p>Post-menopausal osteoporosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of drugs that block the production of ovarian-stimulating hormones?

<p>Lower estrogen levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug can relieve endometriosis signs and symptoms by halting menstrual periods and the growth of endometrial implants?

<p>Depo-Provera (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of C-19 progestins has anti-androgenic activity?

<p>Drospirenone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concern related to the duration of therapy limitation for GnRH agonists in treating pelvic pain caused by endometriosis?

<p>Significant bone loss (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which contraceptive method can help inhibit endometrial tissue growth by causing initial decidualization and then atrophy?

<p>Intrauterine device with levonorgestrel (Mirena) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do combination oral contraceptives help reduce dermatological manifestations in women with PCOS?

<p>By inhibiting gonadotropin secretion and ovarian androgen secretion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is more commonly known as 'Aromatase'?

<p>CYP19 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the overall goals of therapy for women with PCOS?

<p>To prevent endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do high and low GnRH pulse frequencies affect LH and FSH release, respectively?

<p>Low GnRH pulse frequencies favor LH release (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is commonly used for ovulation induction in women pursuing pregnancy?

<p>Clomiphene citrate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of enzymes is important in the growth and implantation of ectopic endometrium?

<p>Matrix metalloproteinases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication acts as an antagonist at estrogen receptors in the breast but a partial agonist at estrogen receptors in the endometrium and bone?

<p>Tamoxifen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is primarily used for the treatment of breast cancers that are estrogen receptor-positive?

<p>Toremifene (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is a structural analogue of spironolactone?

<p>Drospirenone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of progestins have minimal or no overall androgenic side effects?

<p>C-19 Progestins with anti-androgenic activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which contraceptive method involves inserting a T-shaped piece of plastic that releases the progestin levonorgestrel?

<p>IUD (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which contraceptive method contains ethinyl estradiol and norelgestromin in a patch form?

<p>Patch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which contraceptive method involves capsules of etonorgestrel placed under the skin for slow release up to 3 years?

<p>Subdermal implant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which contraceptive method is reusable for one year and consists of segesterone and ethinyl estradiol?

<p>Annovera® (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which contraceptive method is administered as an injection every 3 months and contains medroxyprogesterone acetate?

<p>Depo-Provera® (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is commonly used in women for the treatment of endometriosis, uterine fibroids, POCS, and hirsutism?

<p>Goserelin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the side effects commonly experienced by women using medications like leuprolide, goserelin, and nafarelin?

<p>Hot flashes/sweats and depression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is contraindicated in pregnancy and breastfeeding?

<p>Goserelin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main use of GnRH antagonists like Cetrorelix and Ganirelix?

<p>Assisted reproduction to suppress FSH/LH release (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using GnRH antagonists in fertility treatment?

<p>Prevent LH surge to avoid premature ovulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is approved for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer?

<p>Degarelix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary side effect associated with GnRH antagonists when used in fertility treatments?

<p>Abdominal pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason GnRH antagonists are used in vitro fertilization?

<p>To prevent LH surge for laproscopic harvest of ova (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common side effect associated with Drospirenone use in women?

<p>Headache and nausea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication suppresses endogenous FSH/LH release to give exogenous FSH followed by midcycle LH for fertilization?

<p>Bromocriptine mesylate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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