Esterification and Soap Chemistry Quiz

Ethanol reacts with sodium metal to produce hydrogen gas and sodium ethoxide.

Heating ethanol with concentrated sulfuric acid converts it to ethene (an unsaturated hydrocarbon) by removing water.

Large amounts of ethanol can slow down bodily functions, impair coordination, and judgment.

Methanol, even in small amounts, is extremely dangerous and can be fatal.

Alcohol made unfit for drinking by adding harmful substances like methanol and dyes.

Ethanol is a good solvent, dissolving various substances like medications and tinctures.

Ethanol is completely soluble in water in any proportion.

Long-term use of ethanol can lead to long-term health problems.

A reaction between an acid and an alcohol to form an ester and water, catalyzed by an acid.

A sweet-smelling substance produced from an acid and an alcohol.

The process by which esters are broken down into alcohol and sodium salt of carboxylic acid using sodium hydroxide.

A carboxylic acid, also known as acetic acid, found in vinegar.

Alcohol fuels can produce only carbon dioxide and water when burnt with sufficient air.

Soap molecules have a hydrophilic (water-loving) end and a hydrophobic (oil-loving) end. This allows them to interact with both water and oil, effectively cleaning away oily dirt.

Micelles are spherical structures formed by soap molecules in water. The hydrophobic tails of the soap molecules cluster together in the center of the micelle, while the hydrophilic heads face outward, interacting with water.

The hydrophobic tails of soap molecules trap oily dirt within the micelle's core, separating it from the water. The micelle, now carrying the dirt, can be rinsed away.

Ethanoic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to form sodium ethanoate (CH3COONa) and water (H2O).

Ethanoic acid reacts with carbonates (like Na2CO3) or hydrogencarbonates (like NaHCO3) to produce a salt (CH3COONa), carbon dioxide (CO2), and water (H2O).

Soap molecules remain in solution as colloids. They don't precipitate because of ion-ion repulsion and the large size of the micelles, resulting in a cloudy appearance.

Hydrophobic means 'water-fearing' and refers to substances that don't mix with water. Hydrophilic means 'water-loving' and refers to substances that readily mix with water.

A micelle is a spherical cluster of surfactant molecules in a solvent like water. The hydrophobic tails face inwards, while the hydrophilic heads point outwards towards the water environment.

Micelles trap dirt and grease in their hydrophobic core and then disperse them in water, allowing them to be washed away.

You can distinguish between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid using a litmus paper test. Carboxylic acids turn blue litmus paper red, while alcohols do not affect the litmus paper.

A simple test using soap solution to determine if water is hard. Hard water produces less foam and a white curdy precipitate forms.

Detergents are effective cleansing agents in hard water, unlike soap, because they don't form insoluble precipitates with calcium and magnesium ions.

Water containing dissolved calcium and magnesium salts is considered hard water.

Agitation in washing clothes helps remove dirt by increasing the contact of soap/detergent with the fabric and by creating friction.

Soap reacts with calcium and magnesium ions in hard water, forming an insoluble precipitate called scum, which is difficult to remove.

Detergents are designed to overcome the limitations of soap in hard water by staying effective even in the presence of calcium and magnesium ions.

The white curdy precipitate formed in hard water tests is a result of soap reacting with calcium and magnesium ions to form insoluble compounds.

Shampoos, being designed for hair washing, often use detergents because they work effectively even in hard water.