Essentials of Nutrition Learning Objectives
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for UNDERnutrition?

  • Chronic Disease
  • PCOS
  • Major infection (correct)
  • Diet high in carbohydrates

What is one of the patient-specific risk factors for malnutrition?

  • Cystic fibrosis (correct)
  • Binge eating
  • Type 2 Diabetes
  • Sedentary lifestyle

What is the purpose of estimating adjusted body weight (AdjBW)?

  • To calculate ideal body weight (IBW)
  • To assess nutritional effects on end-organs
  • To adjust for patients with extreme obesity or underweight (correct)
  • To determine patient-specific calorie level

What does the Harris Benedict equation help calculate?

<p>Patient-specific calorie level (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with OVERnutrition?

<p>Dyslipidemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of assessing nutrition status through detailed patient history?

<p>To identify underlying pathology with nutritional effects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can lead to UNDERnutrition?

<p>Type 1 Diabetes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of malnutrition?

<p>Inadequate food supply (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of distinguishing nutrition-related complications and health outcomes?

<p>To recognize classifications of malnutrition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the assessment of anthropometric measures involve?

<p>To compare individuals' size, weight, and proportions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for Body Mass Index (BMI)?

<p>$BMI = \frac{weight<del>in</del>kilograms}{height<del>in</del>meters^2}$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Ideal Body Weight (IBW) calculated for females?

<p>$IBW = 45.5<del>kg + (2.3</del>x<del>inches</del>over<del>5</del>feet)$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the measurement to assess abdominal (visceral) fat?

<p>Waist Circumference (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which equation is used to calculate Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) using the Harris-Benedict Equation for females?

<p>$REE = 655.1 + 9.6(weight in kg) + 1.85(height in cm) - 4.68(age in years)$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which macronutrient is not metabolized like other carbs and therefore not included in macronutrient calculations?

<p>Alcohol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of energy distribution, how are grams of carbohydrates calculated if the total daily energy expenditure and % of carbohydrates are known?

<p>$Grams ext{ }of ext{ }carbs = rac{Kcal ext{ }of ext{ }carbs}{4 ext{ }calories}$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the calculation for grams of protein if the Kcal of protein and % of protein are known in the context of energy distribution?

<p>$Grams ext{ }of ext{ }protein = rac{Kcal ext{ }of ext{ }protein}{4 ext{ }calories}$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are grams of fat calculated if the Kcal of fat and % of fat are known in the context of energy distribution?

<p>$Grams ext{ }of ext{ }fat = rac{Kcal ext{ }of ext{ }fat}{4 ext{ }calories}$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the recommendations for daily alcohol consumption for females and males, respectively?

<p>&lt;=1 drink/day, &lt;=2 drinks/day (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of carbohydrates is digested slowly and leads to steady blood glucose changes?

<p>Complex carbohydrates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fats have single bonds between all carbons and are usually solid at room temperature?

<p>Saturated fats (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defined dietary goal for protein intake?

<p>Defined by fat to protein ratio (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which macronutrient is metabolized differently from other carbs and not included in macronutrient calculations?

<p>Alcohol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fats have one or more double bonds between carbons?

<p>Monounsaturated fats (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fats increases the risk of common chronic diseases?

<p>Trans fats (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended weekly goal for moderate-intensity exercise to reduce the risk of ASCVD?

<p>150 minutes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dietary component should be minimized to lower LDL cholesterol in patients with ASCVD?

<p>Processed meats and sweetened beverages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which supplement has been shown to reduce LDL-C and increase HDL-C levels in the context of ASCVD?

<p>Red yeast rice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average reduction in blood pressure (BP) achieved through the DASH diet for patients with hypertension?

<p>-11 mmHg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal for limiting alcohol consumption for females with hypertension?

<p>≤1 drink/day (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of exercise has an average reduction of -5 to -8 mmHg in blood pressure (BP)?

<p>Aerobic exercise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended maximum daily sodium intake for patients with heart failure?

<p>2 grams/day (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated percentage of patients adherent to a maximum daily sodium restriction of 2 grams in heart failure?

<p>33% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum recommended daily fluid intake for patients with heart failure?

<p>2 liters/day (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of limiting caffeine intake for patients with heart failure?

<p>Avoiding dramatic spikes in blood pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern with salt substitutes containing potassium for patients with heart failure?

<p>Elevated blood pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dietary sodium intake for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

<p>Less than 2 grams per day (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of meal planning intervention for patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM)?

<p>To achieve an average 1-2% decrease in A1c levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are nutritive sweeteners different from non-nutritive (artificial) sweeteners in terms of calorie content?

<p>Nutritive sweeteners contain no calories, while non-nutritive sweeteners do (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should patients on sulfonylureas or insulins measure blood glucose levels before exercise?

<p>To prevent an excessive decrease in blood glucose levels during exercise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What dietary recommendation is given to individuals using warfarin in order to maintain a consistent International Normalized Ratio (INR)?

<p>To avoid leafy green vegetables and multivitamins containing Vitamin K (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for avoiding high-purine foods in individuals with gout?

<p>To minimize the risk of gout flares (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of consuming polyunsaturated fats instead of trans-fats for patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and dyslipidemia (DLD)?

<p>To reduce the risk of heart disease and lower cholesterol levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action if blood glucose is less than or equal to 70 mg/dL during hypoglycemia treatment?

<p>&quot;Eat 15 grams of simple carbohydrates, wait for 15 minutes, then recheck blood glucose&quot; (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What dietary recommendation is given to individuals using warfarin in order to maintain a consistent International Normalized Ratio (INR)?

<p>To avoid leafy green vegetables and multivitamins containing Vitamin K (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What dietary recommendation is given to individuals using warfarin in order to maintain a consistent International Normalized Ratio (INR)?

<p>To avoid leafy green vegetables and multivitamins containing Vitamin K (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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