Essentials of Nutrition Learning Objectives
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for UNDERnutrition?

  • Chronic Disease
  • PCOS
  • Major infection (correct)
  • Diet high in carbohydrates

    • What is one of the patient-specific risk factors for malnutrition?

  • Cystic fibrosis (correct)
  • Binge eating
  • Type 2 Diabetes
  • Sedentary lifestyle

    • What is the purpose of estimating adjusted body weight (AdjBW)?

  • To calculate ideal body weight (IBW)
  • To assess nutritional effects on end-organs
  • To adjust for patients with extreme obesity or underweight (correct)
  • To determine patient-specific calorie level

    • What does the Harris Benedict equation help calculate?

    <p>Patient-specific calorie level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with OVERnutrition?

    <p>Dyslipidemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of assessing nutrition status through detailed patient history?

    <p>To identify underlying pathology with nutritional effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can lead to UNDERnutrition?

    <p>Type 1 Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of malnutrition?

    <p>Inadequate food supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of distinguishing nutrition-related complications and health outcomes?

    <p>To recognize classifications of malnutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the assessment of anthropometric measures involve?

    <p>To compare individuals' size, weight, and proportions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for Body Mass Index (BMI)?

    <p>$BMI = \frac{weight<del>in</del>kilograms}{height<del>in</del>meters^2}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Ideal Body Weight (IBW) calculated for females?

    <p>$IBW = 45.5<del>kg + (2.3</del>x<del>inches</del>over<del>5</del>feet)$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measurement to assess abdominal (visceral) fat?

    <p>Waist Circumference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation is used to calculate Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) using the Harris-Benedict Equation for females?

    <p>$REE = 655.1 + 9.6(weight in kg) + 1.85(height in cm) - 4.68(age in years)$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macronutrient is not metabolized like other carbs and therefore not included in macronutrient calculations?

    <p>Alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of energy distribution, how are grams of carbohydrates calculated if the total daily energy expenditure and % of carbohydrates are known?

    <p>$Grams ext{ }of ext{ }carbs = rac{Kcal ext{ }of ext{ }carbs}{4 ext{ }calories}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the calculation for grams of protein if the Kcal of protein and % of protein are known in the context of energy distribution?

    <p>$Grams ext{ }of ext{ }protein = rac{Kcal ext{ }of ext{ }protein}{4 ext{ }calories}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are grams of fat calculated if the Kcal of fat and % of fat are known in the context of energy distribution?

    <p>$Grams ext{ }of ext{ }fat = rac{Kcal ext{ }of ext{ }fat}{4 ext{ }calories}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the recommendations for daily alcohol consumption for females and males, respectively?

    <p>&lt;=1 drink/day, &lt;=2 drinks/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of carbohydrates is digested slowly and leads to steady blood glucose changes?

    <p>Complex carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fats have single bonds between all carbons and are usually solid at room temperature?

    <p>Saturated fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defined dietary goal for protein intake?

    <p>Defined by fat to protein ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macronutrient is metabolized differently from other carbs and not included in macronutrient calculations?

    <p>Alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fats have one or more double bonds between carbons?

    <p>Monounsaturated fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fats increases the risk of common chronic diseases?

    <p>Trans fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended weekly goal for moderate-intensity exercise to reduce the risk of ASCVD?

    <p>150 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dietary component should be minimized to lower LDL cholesterol in patients with ASCVD?

    <p>Processed meats and sweetened beverages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which supplement has been shown to reduce LDL-C and increase HDL-C levels in the context of ASCVD?

    <p>Red yeast rice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average reduction in blood pressure (BP) achieved through the DASH diet for patients with hypertension?

    <p>-11 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal for limiting alcohol consumption for females with hypertension?

    <p>≤1 drink/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of exercise has an average reduction of -5 to -8 mmHg in blood pressure (BP)?

    <p>Aerobic exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended maximum daily sodium intake for patients with heart failure?

    <p>2 grams/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated percentage of patients adherent to a maximum daily sodium restriction of 2 grams in heart failure?

    <p>33%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum recommended daily fluid intake for patients with heart failure?

    <p>2 liters/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of limiting caffeine intake for patients with heart failure?

    <p>Avoiding dramatic spikes in blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern with salt substitutes containing potassium for patients with heart failure?

    <p>Elevated blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dietary sodium intake for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

    <p>Less than 2 grams per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of meal planning intervention for patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM)?

    <p>To achieve an average 1-2% decrease in A1c levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are nutritive sweeteners different from non-nutritive (artificial) sweeteners in terms of calorie content?

    <p>Nutritive sweeteners contain no calories, while non-nutritive sweeteners do</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should patients on sulfonylureas or insulins measure blood glucose levels before exercise?

    <p>To prevent an excessive decrease in blood glucose levels during exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary recommendation is given to individuals using warfarin in order to maintain a consistent International Normalized Ratio (INR)?

    <p>To avoid leafy green vegetables and multivitamins containing Vitamin K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for avoiding high-purine foods in individuals with gout?

    <p>To minimize the risk of gout flares</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of consuming polyunsaturated fats instead of trans-fats for patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and dyslipidemia (DLD)?

    <p>To reduce the risk of heart disease and lower cholesterol levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action if blood glucose is less than or equal to 70 mg/dL during hypoglycemia treatment?

    <p>&quot;Eat 15 grams of simple carbohydrates, wait for 15 minutes, then recheck blood glucose&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary recommendation is given to individuals using warfarin in order to maintain a consistent International Normalized Ratio (INR)?

    <p>To avoid leafy green vegetables and multivitamins containing Vitamin K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary recommendation is given to individuals using warfarin in order to maintain a consistent International Normalized Ratio (INR)?

    <p>To avoid leafy green vegetables and multivitamins containing Vitamin K</p> Signup and view all the answers

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