46 Questions
Which of the following is a risk factor for UNDERnutrition?
Major infection
What is one of the patient-specific risk factors for malnutrition?
Cystic fibrosis
What is the purpose of estimating adjusted body weight (AdjBW)?
To adjust for patients with extreme obesity or underweight
What does the Harris Benedict equation help calculate?
Patient-specific calorie level
Which condition is associated with OVERnutrition?
Dyslipidemia
What is the purpose of assessing nutrition status through detailed patient history?
To identify underlying pathology with nutritional effects
Which condition can lead to UNDERnutrition?
Type 1 Diabetes
What is the primary cause of malnutrition?
Inadequate food supply
What is the purpose of distinguishing nutrition-related complications and health outcomes?
To recognize classifications of malnutrition
What does the assessment of anthropometric measures involve?
To compare individuals' size, weight, and proportions
What is the formula for Body Mass Index (BMI)?
$BMI = \frac{weightinkilograms}{heightinmeters^2}$
How is Ideal Body Weight (IBW) calculated for females?
$IBW = 45.5kg + (2.3xinchesover5feet)$
What is the measurement to assess abdominal (visceral) fat?
Waist Circumference
Which equation is used to calculate Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) using the Harris-Benedict Equation for females?
$REE = 655.1 + 9.6(weight in kg) + 1.85(height in cm) - 4.68(age in years)$
Which macronutrient is not metabolized like other carbs and therefore not included in macronutrient calculations?
Alcohol
In the context of energy distribution, how are grams of carbohydrates calculated if the total daily energy expenditure and % of carbohydrates are known?
$Grams ext{ }of ext{ }carbs = rac{Kcal ext{ }of ext{ }carbs}{4 ext{ }calories}$
What is the calculation for grams of protein if the Kcal of protein and % of protein are known in the context of energy distribution?
$Grams ext{ }of ext{ }protein = rac{Kcal ext{ }of ext{ }protein}{4 ext{ }calories}$
How are grams of fat calculated if the Kcal of fat and % of fat are known in the context of energy distribution?
$Grams ext{ }of ext{ }fat = rac{Kcal ext{ }of ext{ }fat}{4 ext{ }calories}$
What are the recommendations for daily alcohol consumption for females and males, respectively?
<=1 drink/day, <=2 drinks/day
Which type of carbohydrates is digested slowly and leads to steady blood glucose changes?
Complex carbohydrates
What type of fats have single bonds between all carbons and are usually solid at room temperature?
Saturated fats
What is the defined dietary goal for protein intake?
Defined by fat to protein ratio
Which macronutrient is metabolized differently from other carbs and not included in macronutrient calculations?
Alcohol
What type of fats have one or more double bonds between carbons?
Monounsaturated fats
Which type of fats increases the risk of common chronic diseases?
Trans fats
What is the recommended weekly goal for moderate-intensity exercise to reduce the risk of ASCVD?
150 minutes
Which dietary component should be minimized to lower LDL cholesterol in patients with ASCVD?
Processed meats and sweetened beverages
Which supplement has been shown to reduce LDL-C and increase HDL-C levels in the context of ASCVD?
Red yeast rice
What is the average reduction in blood pressure (BP) achieved through the DASH diet for patients with hypertension?
-11 mmHg
What is the goal for limiting alcohol consumption for females with hypertension?
≤1 drink/day
Which type of exercise has an average reduction of -5 to -8 mmHg in blood pressure (BP)?
Aerobic exercise
What is the recommended maximum daily sodium intake for patients with heart failure?
2 grams/day
What is the estimated percentage of patients adherent to a maximum daily sodium restriction of 2 grams in heart failure?
33%
What is the maximum recommended daily fluid intake for patients with heart failure?
2 liters/day
What is the primary goal of limiting caffeine intake for patients with heart failure?
Avoiding dramatic spikes in blood pressure
What is the primary concern with salt substitutes containing potassium for patients with heart failure?
Elevated blood pressure
What is the recommended dietary sodium intake for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
Less than 2 grams per day
What is the primary goal of meal planning intervention for patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM)?
To achieve an average 1-2% decrease in A1c levels
How are nutritive sweeteners different from non-nutritive (artificial) sweeteners in terms of calorie content?
Nutritive sweeteners contain no calories, while non-nutritive sweeteners do
Why should patients on sulfonylureas or insulins measure blood glucose levels before exercise?
To prevent an excessive decrease in blood glucose levels during exercise
What dietary recommendation is given to individuals using warfarin in order to maintain a consistent International Normalized Ratio (INR)?
To avoid leafy green vegetables and multivitamins containing Vitamin K
What is the primary reason for avoiding high-purine foods in individuals with gout?
To minimize the risk of gout flares
What is the purpose of consuming polyunsaturated fats instead of trans-fats for patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and dyslipidemia (DLD)?
To reduce the risk of heart disease and lower cholesterol levels
What is the recommended action if blood glucose is less than or equal to 70 mg/dL during hypoglycemia treatment?
"Eat 15 grams of simple carbohydrates, wait for 15 minutes, then recheck blood glucose"
What dietary recommendation is given to individuals using warfarin in order to maintain a consistent International Normalized Ratio (INR)?
To avoid leafy green vegetables and multivitamins containing Vitamin K
What dietary recommendation is given to individuals using warfarin in order to maintain a consistent International Normalized Ratio (INR)?
To avoid leafy green vegetables and multivitamins containing Vitamin K
This quiz covers the essentials of nutrition, including recognizing classifications of and patient-specific risk factors for malnutrition, distinguishing nutrition-related complications and health outcomes, estimating ideal body weight (IBW) and adjusted body weight (AdjBW), calculating patient-specific calorie levels, and designing individualized dietary plans.
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