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Questions and Answers
What does a dominant allele represent?
What does a dominant allele represent?
- A weak allele
- A strong allele (correct)
- A recessive trait
- None of the above
What is a recessive allele?
What is a recessive allele?
- An allele that determines the phenotype
- An allele that is expressed only when homozygous (correct)
- A strong form of a gene
- None of the above
What is self-pollination?
What is self-pollination?
The transfer of pollen grains from an anther to the stigma of the same flower or another flower on the same plant.
What is a trait?
What is a trait?
What are alleles?
What are alleles?
What is a Punnett Square?
What is a Punnett Square?
What are homozygotes?
What are homozygotes?
What are heterozygotes?
What are heterozygotes?
What is phenotype?
What is phenotype?
What is genotype?
What is genotype?
What is a mutation?
What is a mutation?
What are some causes of a mutated gene?
What are some causes of a mutated gene?
What is a pedigree?
What is a pedigree?
What is a genetic disorder?
What is a genetic disorder?
What is a gene?
What is a gene?
Can an offspring inherit Tay Sachs if neither parent exhibits the phenotype?
Can an offspring inherit Tay Sachs if neither parent exhibits the phenotype?
What is cross-pollination?
What is cross-pollination?
Who is Gregor Mendel?
Who is Gregor Mendel?
What is Mendel's Theory of Independent Assortment?
What is Mendel's Theory of Independent Assortment?
What is a hybrid?
What is a hybrid?
What is a pure breed?
What is a pure breed?
What do genetic counselors do?
What do genetic counselors do?
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Study Notes
Key Genetics Concepts
- Dominant Allele: Represented by a capital letter, fully expressed in heterozygotes, indicating a strong gene.
- Recessive Allele: Denoted by a lowercase letter; only expressed in homozygous individuals, indicating a weaker gene.
- Alleles: Varieties of a gene that can be either dominant or recessive.
- Hybrid Organism: Has two different alleles for a trait, resulting from cross-breeding.
Reproductive Processes
- Self-Pollination: Occurs when an organism fertilizes itself, transferring pollen within the same flower or to another on the same plant.
- Cross Pollination: Involves the transfer of pollen from one plant to another plant's stigma.
Genetic Terms
- Phenotype: The observable characteristics or physical expression of an organism.
- Genotype: The genetic constitution of an organism, comprising specific allele combinations.
- Trait: An inherited characteristic passed from parents to offspring.
- Zygote: The initial cell formed when a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell.
Genetic Study and Theories
- Mendel's Experiments: Gregor Mendel's work with garden peas laid the foundation of genetics, demonstrating that parent traits do not blend but are inherited distinctly.
- Independent Assortment: Mendel’s principle stating that different allele pairs segregate independently during gamete formation.
Genetic Analysis Tools
- Punnett Square: A diagram used to predict the genotypes of offspring from parental alleles.
- Pedigree: A family tree chart illustrating the inheritance of traits across generations.
Genetic Disorders
- Genetic Disorder: An inherited condition resulting from mutations or chromosomal defects.
- Causes of Mutations: Can arise from harmful chemicals, radiation, pollution, or UV exposure.
Inheritance Patterns
- Homogeneous: Organisms with identical alleles for a gene.
- Heterogeneous: Organisms with different alleles for a gene.
- Purebred: Organisms consistently exhibiting a single trait, generation after generation.
Genetic Counseling
- Genetic Counselors: Professionals who provide guidance on genetic conditions and risks, often utilized when there's a family history of genetic disorders.
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