Questions and Answers
Where should the end of the search line be tied when using the wide-area search method?
What is the purpose of tying knots along the search line when using the wide-area search method?
In what type of situation would the VEIS (Vent, Enter, Isolate, Search) method likely be used?
When using the VEIS method, the second firefighter:
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What would be a reason for having victims shelter in place during a structure fire?
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Injured victims should not be moved until they have been assessed and treated, unless:
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Which type of victim carry or drag requires two rescuers?
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You should call for a MAYDAY whenever:
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When MAYDAY is broadcast, what action must immediately be taken?
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When the Incident Commander gives an order for all personnel to exit the structure:
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What is an immediate action to improve survivability that can buy you more time to escape or improve your situation?
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What would typically be an action that you would take when escaping to a safe haven?
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Which statement about using hoseline couplings to find your way out of structure is correct?
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When crawling rather than walking through the area while smoke is dense and low, you:
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When searching for an exit in heavy smoke conditions, you should locate a wall, crawl along it, and:
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Breaching an interior wall while searching for a safe haven will:
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What statement about breaching interior walls while looking for a safe haven is true?
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A rapid intervention crew (RIC) consists of:
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Mandatory RIC equipment can be described using the acronym:
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After receiving a MAYDAY transmission, why might the Incident Commander order a brief shutdown of all pumps, generators, and fans?
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What BEST describes the capabilities of digital radio transceivers that help locate lost or disoriented firefighters?
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What actions should you NEVER take after locating a downed firefighter inside a structure?
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What is a basic skill of fire fighting that is also an essential survival technique during search and rescue operations?
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To prepare yourself for survival during rapid fire development or structural collapse, knowing your personal physical limitations will help you:
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Disorientation, fear, and claustrophobia are:
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What should you do to overcome psychological effects of obscured vision conditions?
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What would generally be considered a MAYDAY situation?
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What BEST describes the process of determining tenability of interior fire environments?
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When identifying safe havens during search and rescue operations, firefighters should identify areas:
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What is NOT a key principle of air management during structural search and rescue operations?
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When using SCBA, your point of no return is based on:
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An air cylinder's rated operating time is:
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Knowing how to react in an air emergency requires effective air management, which includes:
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What action should you take if you are lost and sheltering in place during interior fire fighting operations?
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During what type of incident would firefighters likely perform air monitoring?
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What would NOT be a typical reason for conducting air monitoring?
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How can the instrument reaction time of an air monitor affect the safety of firefighters?
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Which statement about oxygen-enriched atmospheres is true?
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If an air monitor determines that the atmosphere is 20.7% oxygen, the:
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An atmosphere containing a flammable gas, vapor, or mist in excess of 10 percent of its lower explosive limit (LEL) is considered:
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What do most combustible gas indicators (CGIs) measure?
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When using an air monitor, which resource can responders use to find the safe exposure limits of a particular toxic material?
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Often the only clue to the presence of a gas other than what the air monitor is designed for is:
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Before an incident, a gas monitor is typically calibrated by using:
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Once at the incident, the firefighter responsible for air monitoring should perform a:
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What is a step in staying safe during air monitoring operations?
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What are action levels in the context of performing air monitoring?
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When preparing yourself to search an area that is immediately dangerous to life and health, it is NOT important for:
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To conduct an effective structural search, firefighters must:
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To learn the layout of buildings in the community in preparation for search and rescue, it is ideal to tour _______ while they are under construction.
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How should firefighters estimate the floor plans of structures in their response area?
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What is an advantage of using a thermal imager for a structural search?
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What is a limitation of using a thermal imager for a structural search?
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What is a safety guideline for conducting searches in a structural fire?
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What is a safety guideline for conducting searches in a structural fire?
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What must be a priority before any search?
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What is a general guideline for marking rooms that have been searched?
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What is the purpose of a primary search?
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What describes a secondary search conducted during a structure fire?
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If your officer tells you to begin a left-hand primary search of the interior, you should:
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When searching the fire floor, where should you search first?
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What is the preferred method of performing a search in minimal smoke and heat?
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If you are crawling up stairs during search and rescue operations:
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It is particularly important to always check behind doors and on the floor below the windows during primary search because:
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What BEST describes the steps for conducting a primary search within a room?
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Keeping doors and windows open while conducting primary searches:
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What is the oriented-search method used in primary search?
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Study Notes
Search and Rescue Fundamentals
- Forcible entry is a crucial skill in firefighting and essential for escape during search and rescue.
- Physical awareness of limitations aids in managing stress levels and air consumption during rapid fire development.
Psychological Responses
- Disorientation, fear, and claustrophobia stem from obscured vision and can impair performance in high-pressure situations.
- Maintaining contact with partners helps mitigate psychological effects of reduced visibility.
Emergency Situations
- A MAYDAY situation typically occurs when a firefighter loses contact with a hoseline or search line.
- The tenor of a fire environment determines tenability; if unsafe for unprotected victims, it's also unsafe for firefighters in full PPE.
Air Management
- Key principles include recognizing the point of no return and constant air level awareness.
- Calmly determining a cause in an air emergency is essential for effective air management.
Shelter Actions
- If lost during firefighting, moving to an uninvolved room and closing the door is the best course of action.
Air Monitoring
- Search and rescue calls without fire present may require air monitoring for toxic gas levels.
- Conduct air monitoring to identify hazards and establish appropriate response levels.
Equipment Calibration
- Calibration of gas monitors should use known calibration gas for accuracy.
- Perform a fresh-air calibration before entering a contaminated atmosphere.
Safety Protocols
- It's critical to check behind doors and under windows during primary searches to ensure thorough victim location.
- Communicating with dispatch and remaining aware of entry and exit points are vital for safety.
Search Techniques
- Primary searches focus on quickly determining victim locations.
- Secondary searches are more thorough and systematic, conducted after securing fire control.
Search Strategies
- When instructed to perform a left-hand primary search, keep the left side of the structure in contact while searching.
- The largest enclosed area near the fire should be prioritized during searches.
Utilizing Technology
- Thermal imagers identify hotspots and potentially trapped victims.
- Limitations include difficulties detecting lower floor fires if carpets mask heat signatures.
Priority Procedures
- Locating and isolating the fire is the first priority before conducting any search operations.
- Mark rooms that have been searched to avoid double-checking, using distinct indicators for clarity.
VEIS Method
- The VEIS technique is effective for searching spaces requiring outside access.
- A second firefighter should ensure the door remains closed while the first firefighter conducts the search.
Victim Safety
- Sometimes, sheltering in place is safer for victims than fleeing a structure filled with smoke.### Victim Handling and Safety Protocols
- Injured victims should remain in place until assessed and treated unless there is imminent danger or more victims than rescuers.
- Confusion or lack of awareness in victims may necessitate moving them; additional personnel can assist in rescues.
Types of Victim Carries
- The Extremities carry is the only method that requires the assistance of two rescuers.
MAYDAY Protocol
- A MAYDAY call is required when life is in immediate danger or a critical victim is discovered during a search.
- Upon broadcasting a MAYDAY, all radio traffic unrelated to the situation must stop, and all fire control activities should be paused.
Evacuation Signals
- Incident Commanders' orders to exit structures must be treated with urgency, similar to a MAYDAY; accountability reports from all units are required.
Actions to Improve Survivability
- Utilizing a hose stream for protection is a crucial immediate action that can enhance chances of survival during dangerous situations.
Safe Haven Strategies
- Following a hoseline back to the entrance is a recommended action when escaping to safety.
Hoseline Couplings
- The male coupling is located on the water source side of a hoseline and lacks lugs on its shank, aiding in identifying the direction.
Crawling in Smoke Environments
- Crawling through smoke can improve temporary visibility and contribute to cooler body conditions compared to crouching.
Method for Searching Exits
- When seeking exits in smoke, keep hands on the wall while sweeping the floor ahead with one hand to identify potential hazards.
Breaching Walls
- Breaching an interior wall may require additional strength and can complicate escape, but allows for movement to a safer location.
Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC)
- A RIC consists of at least two firefighters ready to rescue trapped colleagues, emphasizing teamwork in emergencies.
RIC Equipment Acronym
- AWARE is the acronym for mandatory Rapid Intervention Crew equipment, crucial for effective operations during rescues.
Incident Commander Actions
- After a MAYDAY, the Incident Commander may temporarily shut down pumps or generators to improve communication and minimize distractions, enabling the tracking of downed firefighters’ PASS devices.
Digital Radio Transceivers
- Digital tracking devices are effective in locating lost or disoriented firefighters, as their low-frequency signals are not obstructed by physical barriers.
Critical Don’ts After Locating Downed Firefighters
- Never remove your facepiece to share air with a downed firefighter, as this jeopardizes safety; other safety measures include maintaining the PASS device functionality.
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Description
Explore the key concepts of structural search and rescue operations highlighted in Essentials 7 Chapter 10. This quiz focuses on basic firefighting skills and essential survival techniques necessary during emergencies. Test your knowledge and preparation skills for effective response in critical situations.