Podcast
Questions and Answers
According to Dudley-Evans and St John (1998), which type of information pertains to the tasks and activities learners are/will be using English for?
According to Dudley-Evans and St John (1998), which type of information pertains to the tasks and activities learners are/will be using English for?
- Target situation analysis (correct)
- Subjective needs
- Present situation analysis
- Means analysis
What does Dudley-Evans and St. John (1998) refer to as factors which may affect the way learners learn, such as previous learning experiences and attitude to English?
What does Dudley-Evans and St. John (1998) refer to as factors which may affect the way learners learn, such as previous learning experiences and attitude to English?
- Subjective needs (correct)
- Present situation analysis
- Target situation analysis
- Objective needs
According to Dudley-Evans and St John (1998), what kind of analysis helps to assess learners' current skills and language use?
According to Dudley-Evans and St John (1998), what kind of analysis helps to assess learners' current skills and language use?
- Discourse analysis
- Needs analysis
- Linguistic analysis
- Present situation analysis (correct)
In the context of Dudley-Evans and St. John's (1998) framework, what represents the 'gap' between a learner's current English language skills and the skills required for their target situation?
In the context of Dudley-Evans and St. John's (1998) framework, what represents the 'gap' between a learner's current English language skills and the skills required for their target situation?
According to West (1997), which type of analysis focuses on identifying the gap between a learner's current proficiency and the target requirement?
According to West (1997), which type of analysis focuses on identifying the gap between a learner's current proficiency and the target requirement?
According to West (1997), what does Strategy Analysis in ESP primarily focus on?
According to West (1997), what does Strategy Analysis in ESP primarily focus on?
According to West (1997), what does Means Analysis in ESP primarily focus on?
According to West (1997), what does Means Analysis in ESP primarily focus on?
According to Hyland (2008), what influences decisions in needs analysis, similar to other classroom practices?
According to Hyland (2008), what influences decisions in needs analysis, similar to other classroom practices?
Which data collection method offers the advantage of collecting more in-depth information but may be more time-consuming?
Which data collection method offers the advantage of collecting more in-depth information but may be more time-consuming?
Which data collection method in needs analysis offers greater anonymity to respondents but may suffer from self-selecting bias?
Which data collection method in needs analysis offers greater anonymity to respondents but may suffer from self-selecting bias?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of using interviews for data collection in needs analysis?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of using interviews for data collection in needs analysis?
What data collection method involves in-depth interviews, genre analysis of texts, and class observations?
What data collection method involves in-depth interviews, genre analysis of texts, and class observations?
According to Johns and Price-Machada (2001), what does job-shadowing in needs analysis primarily involve?
According to Johns and Price-Machada (2001), what does job-shadowing in needs analysis primarily involve?
According to Johns and Price-Machada (2001), which method involves analyzing how individuals or groups collaborate in a work setting?
According to Johns and Price-Machada (2001), which method involves analyzing how individuals or groups collaborate in a work setting?
According to Johns and Price-Machada (2001), what role do spoken or written reflections play in needs analysis?
According to Johns and Price-Machada (2001), what role do spoken or written reflections play in needs analysis?
What is the primary focus of ESP course design as highlighted?
What is the primary focus of ESP course design as highlighted?
Why is identifying specific language and skills important in ESP course design?
Why is identifying specific language and skills important in ESP course design?
In the context of ESP, what is the purpose of assessing learners and learning at the end of the course?
In the context of ESP, what is the purpose of assessing learners and learning at the end of the course?
According to Chambers (1980), what should needs analysis primarily focus on in the context of communication?
According to Chambers (1980), what should needs analysis primarily focus on in the context of communication?
According to Chambers (1980), what term refers to the analysis of communication within the specific environment or situation where learners will use the language?
According to Chambers (1980), what term refers to the analysis of communication within the specific environment or situation where learners will use the language?
Flashcards
Defining Needs Analysis
Defining Needs Analysis
Identifying specific language and skills learners need for an ESP course.
Chambers (1980) on Needs Analysis
Chambers (1980) on Needs Analysis
Concerned with establishing communicative needs by analyzing communication in the target situation.
Dudley-Evans and St John (1998) - Professional Information
Dudley-Evans and St John (1998) - Professional Information
Tasks learners use English for (target situation) and learners' objective needs.
Dudley-Evans and St John (1998) - Personal Information
Dudley-Evans and St John (1998) - Personal Information
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Dudley-Evans and St John (1998) - Present Situation Analysis
Dudley-Evans and St John (1998) - Present Situation Analysis
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Dudley-Evans and St John (1998) - Lacks
Dudley-Evans and St John (1998) - Lacks
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Dudley-Evans and St John (1998) - Language Learning Information
Dudley-Evans and St John (1998) - Language Learning Information
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Dudley-Evans and St John (1998) - Professional Communication
Dudley-Evans and St John (1998) - Professional Communication
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West (1997) - Deficiency Analysis (Lacks/Gaps)
West (1997) - Deficiency Analysis (Lacks/Gaps)
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West (1997) - Strategy Analysis (Preferred Approaches)
West (1997) - Strategy Analysis (Preferred Approaches)
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West (1997) - Means Analysis (Constraints and Opportunities)
West (1997) - Means Analysis (Constraints and Opportunities)
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Hyland (2008) on Needs Analysis
Hyland (2008) on Needs Analysis
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Forms of Data Collection
Forms of Data Collection
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Advantages of Questionnaires
Advantages of Questionnaires
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Disadvantages of Questionnaires
Disadvantages of Questionnaires
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Advantages of interviews
Advantages of interviews
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Disadvantages of interviews
Disadvantages of interviews
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Ethnographic Methods
Ethnographic Methods
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Johns and Price-Machada (2001)
Johns and Price-Machada (2001)
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Study Notes
- An opening prayer for a class asks for light, wisdom, and memory to study and develop gifts, committing to Veritas et Fortitudo, Pro deo et Patria.
- The objectives are to discover language issues in ESP and explain/develop needs analysis.
Defining Needs Analysis
- ESP course design includes identifying specific language and skills learners need.
- Identifying language and skills helps determine/refine ESP course content.
- Needs analysis assess learners and learning at the end of the course.
Chambers (1980)
- Needs analysis should focus on communicative needs and their realizations.
- Realizations result from analysis of communication in the target situation, referred to as target situation analysis.
Dudley-Evans and St John (1998)
- Professional information includes using the tasks and activities learners' will use English for, including target situation analysis and objective needs.
- Personal information includes factors influencing how learners' learn, like previous learning experiences, cultural info, their reasons for attending the course, expectations, and attitude to English (wants, means, and subjective needs).
Dudley-Evans and St John (1998)
- EL information includes current skills and language use which is present situation analysis that assesses learners' lacks. -Lacks are the gap between current skills and required skills, and can be bridged through language learning information using effective learning methods which determines learning needs
Dudley-Evans and St John (1998)
- Professional communication information of how language and skills are used in the target situation, like linguistic, discourse, and genre analysis.
- This helps determine what is wanted from the course and how the course will be run.
West (1997) ESP Journey
- Shows deficiency analysis, and strategies including preferred approaches, constraints and opportunities.
West (1997) Deficiency Analysis (Lacks/Gaps)
- Represented as the starting point for the language-learning journey.
- Focuses on identifying the gap between current proficiency and the target requirement.
- Example: Assessing current vocabulary and grammar compared to future job needs.
West (1997) Strategy Analysis (Preferred Approaches)
- Represented as "the means of travel," focusing on identifying effective teaching/learning methods.
- Example: determining if learners prefer group or individual work.
West (1997) Means Analysis
- Represented as the ESP journey, and identifying factors influencing the teaching situation such as classroom culture, learner/teacher profiles, and organizational status.
- Factors such as analyzing resource/tech availability and understanding learners' motivation/cultural backgrounds.
Further Definitions
- Needs analysis involves decisions based on teacher interests, values, and beliefs.
- Sysoyev (2001) links needs analysis in ESP to Vygotsky’s (1978) concept of the Zone of Proximal Development.
Data Collection
- Needs analysis may use questionnaires, interviews, observations, language use analysis, performance tests, and observations of ESP learners replicating tasks.
- Most include questionnaires or interviews.
Data Collection: Interviews
- More useful for collecting in-depth information, with opportunities for clarification.
- More time-consuming, data quality depends on interviewer skills, potential for interviewer bias, less standardized.
Data Collection: Questionnaires
- Less time/energy to administer, offer greater anonymity.
- Potential for self-selection bias, lack of clarification, no spontaneous responses, respondents may consult one another.
Ethnographic Methods
- Additional information enhances needs analysis.
- Molle and Prior (2008) used ethnographic methods to collect information on academic writing needs.
- Ethnographic methods can include in-depth interviews with faculty and students, genre analysis of students’ texts, class observations, and collection of course materials.
Johns and Price-Machada (2001)
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Interviews with experts/workers or learners themselves for target situation analysis.
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Job-shadowing, an analysis of learning styles and modes of working with spoken/written reflections.
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Reflections give a basis for planning/revising programs.
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Closing prayer: Gratitude for learning opportunities, and the capacity to understand.
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The goal is for knowledge to benefit self and others.
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