Esophagus Clinical Manifestations Quiz

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What is the primary clinical manifestation associated with achalasia?

Dysphagia (correct)

Heartburn

Melena

Hematemesis

Which of the following best describes the primary abnormality seen in achalasia based on manometric studies?

Complete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter

Decreased resting tone of the lower esophageal sphincter

Partial or incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter with swallowing (correct)

Increased esophageal peristalsis

What distinguishes secondary achalasia from primary achalasia?

Absence of dilation of the more proximal esophagus

Involvement of inhibitory innervation loss (correct)

Presence of heartburn as a symptom

Complete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter

What symptom in achalasia might mimic heart pain?

Heartburn Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical presentation in achalasia suggests severe inflammation, ulceration, or laceration of the esophageal mucosa?

Hematemesis Signup and view all the answers

What major abnormality in manometric studies characterizes primary achalasia?

Partial relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between axial and nonaxial hiatal hernias?

The direction of stomach protrusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the reported incidence range of hiatal hernias in adult subjects?

1-20% Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is more likely to cause heartburn or regurgitation in individuals with hiatal hernias?

Lower esophageal sphincter incompetence Signup and view all the answers

What is a common issue experienced by individuals with severe reflux esophagitis?

Sliding hiatal hernia Signup and view all the answers

Which body position is mentioned to accentuate symptoms in individuals with hiatal hernias?

Bending forward Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested to be the key factor contributing to symptoms experienced by individuals with hiatal hernias?

Lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by destruction of the myenteric plexus of various organs?

Chagas disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary pathological feature of primary achalasia?

Inflammation in the location of the esophageal myenteric plexus Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with progressive dysphagia and nocturnal regurgitation?

Achalasia Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes achalasia from hiatal hernia?

Absence or reduction of myenteric ganglia in the esophagus Signup and view all the answers

Which condition may lead to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in about 5% of patients?

Achalasia Signup and view all the answers

What causes the separation of diaphragmatic crura leading to hiatal hernia?

Widening of space between crura and esophageal wall Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between having a sliding hiatal hernia and developing severe reflux esophagitis?

Having a sliding hiatal hernia increases the likelihood of experiencing severe reflux esophagitis but does not guarantee its development. Signup and view all the answers

What condition can result from paraesophageal hernias?

Strangulation or obstruction Signup and view all the answers

When do Mallory-Weiss tears typically occur in chronic alcoholics?

After a bout of severe retching or vomiting Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of upper gastrointestinal bleeding episodes do esophageal lacerations account for?

5-10% Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of normal variability in intra-abdominal pressure transduced through a hiatal hernia?

Occasional Mallory-Weiss tear Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the presence of a hiatal hernia in patients with Mallory-Weiss tears?

A hiatal hernia is found in more than 75% of patients with Mallory-Weiss tears. Signup and view all the answers