30 Questions
Which structure is anterior to the cervical part of the oesophagus?
Trachea
What is the venous drainage for the upper part of the oesophagus?
Brachiocephalic veins
Which artery supplies the cervical part of the oesophagus?
Inferior Thyroid Artery
What is the narrowest part of the alimentary canal?
Oesophagus
Where do lymphatics from the proximal third of the esophagus drain into?
Deep cervical lymph nodes
At what vertebral level does the oesophagus pierce the diaphragm?
T10
What is behind the cervical part of the oesophagus?
Prevertebral layer of cervical fascia
What is the structure of the oesophagus from innermost to outermost layers?
Mucous Membrane, Sub-mucosa, Muscle Coat, Outermost Fibrous Layer
Which vessel is located to the right of the thoracic part of the oesophagus?
Azygos vein
Where is the upper oesophageal sphincter located?
Between pharynx and oesophagus
What is the usual location of the lower oesophageal sphincter?
At T11 level
When does the oesophagus become canalised to form a tube?
When lateral septa fuse to divide it into trachea and oesophagus
What is the nerve supply of the upper half of the esophagus?
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
Which lymph nodes receive drainage from the middle third of the esophagus?
Superior and posterior mediastinal nodes
What causes nearly all patients to die if they experience an unrecognized oesophageal perforation?
Lack of surgery
What is the main symptom of cancer of the oesophagus?
Dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing)
In approximately 90% of cases, how does the most common Tracheo-Esophageal Fistula (TEF) present?
Superior part ends in a blind pouch and inferior part communicates with trachea
Which condition can result from abnormalities in partitioning of the oesophagus and trachea by the tracheo-oesophageal septum?
Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)
What provides protection to the esophagus from injuries in the neck region?
Airway
What is the diagnostic tool commonly used for observing oesophageal cancers?
Endoscopy
Which nerve supplies the lower half of the esophagus mainly through the Oesophageal plexus?
Vagus Nerve
Which condition is characterized by extremely dilated submucosal veins in the lower third of the oesophagus?
Oesophageal varices
What symptom is often associated with heartburn?
Regurgitation of gastric acid
What can compression of the recurrent laryngeal nerves by an oesophageal tumour produce?
Hoarseness
Which artery supplies the cardia of the stomach and distal esophagus?
Left Gastric Artery
What is the origin of the Right Gastric Artery?
Common Hepatic Artery
Which artery helps supply the greater curvature of the stomach in conjunction with the Left Gastroepiploic Artery?
Gastroduodenal Artery
Which artery supplies a portion of the lesser curvature of the stomach?
Right Gastric Artery
How many branches does the Common Hepatic or Proper Hepatic Artery have?
2
Which branch of the Splenic Artery helps supply the greater curvature of the stomach?
Left Gastroepiploic Artery
Test your knowledge on the anatomy and physiology of the esophagus, including details on lymphatic drainage and nerve supply. Explore concepts related to oesophageal injuries in an applied anatomy context.
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