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Questions and Answers
What is the major blood supply for the thoracic esophagus?
What is the major blood supply for the thoracic esophagus?
Which nerve, when left undivided after vagotomy, can cause persistently high acid levels postoperatively?
Which nerve, when left undivided after vagotomy, can cause persistently high acid levels postoperatively?
What is the normal pressure at rest in the upper esophageal sphincter (UES)?
What is the normal pressure at rest in the upper esophageal sphincter (UES)?
What is the most common site of esophageal perforation, usually occurring with esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)?
What is the most common site of esophageal perforation, usually occurring with esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)?
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What relaxes to allow aspiration in a brainstem stroke?
What relaxes to allow aspiration in a brainstem stroke?
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Which type of peristalsis occurs with incomplete emptying and esophageal distention?
Which type of peristalsis occurs with incomplete emptying and esophageal distention?
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What initiates the swallow according to the text?
What initiates the swallow according to the text?
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What is the arterial blood supply of the cervical esophagus?
What is the arterial blood supply of the cervical esophagus?
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What is the normal pressure with food bolus in the upper esophageal sphincter (UES)?
What is the normal pressure with food bolus in the upper esophageal sphincter (UES)?
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Which muscle occludes the nasopharynx during swallowing?
Which muscle occludes the nasopharynx during swallowing?
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What is the most common cause of hiccoughs?
What is the most common cause of hiccoughs?
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Which condition presents with liquids being more difficult to swallow than solids?
Which condition presents with liquids being more difficult to swallow than solids?
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What is the most common cause of a traction diverticulum?
What is the most common cause of a traction diverticulum?
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Which condition is characterized by a bird’s beak appearance on manometry?
Which condition is characterized by a bird’s beak appearance on manometry?
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What is the primary treatment for isolated hypertensive LES?
What is the primary treatment for isolated hypertensive LES?
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Which condition is associated with frequent high amplitude, non-peristaltic, unorganized contractions on manometry?
Which condition is associated with frequent high amplitude, non-peristaltic, unorganized contractions on manometry?
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In which type of diverticulum is the cricopharyngeal muscle divided using endoscopy?
In which type of diverticulum is the cricopharyngeal muscle divided using endoscopy?
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Which condition can be managed with Heller myotomy if other treatments fail?
Which condition can be managed with Heller myotomy if other treatments fail?
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What is the characteristic manometry finding in nutcracker esophagus?
What is the characteristic manometry finding in nutcracker esophagus?
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What causes a Zenker's diverticulum to occur?
What causes a Zenker's diverticulum to occur?
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What is the primary cause of dysphagia in myasthenia gravis and muscular dystrophy?
What is the primary cause of dysphagia in myasthenia gravis and muscular dystrophy?
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What is the primary treatment for high-grade dysplasia (HGD) in Barrett's esophagus?
What is the primary treatment for high-grade dysplasia (HGD) in Barrett's esophagus?
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What is the recommended treatment for uncomplicated Barrett’s esophagus (no dysplasia)?
What is the recommended treatment for uncomplicated Barrett’s esophagus (no dysplasia)?
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What is NOT a risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus?
What is NOT a risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus?
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What is the most common site of metastases for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus?
What is the most common site of metastases for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus?
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What is the preferred treatment approach for cervical esophageal cancer?
What is the preferred treatment approach for cervical esophageal cancer?
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Which factor is the most important for prognosis in a patient without systemic metastases?
Which factor is the most important for prognosis in a patient without systemic metastases?
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What is the primary surgical treatment for tumors invading the submucosa of the esophagus?
What is the primary surgical treatment for tumors invading the submucosa of the esophagus?
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Which approach may have lower morbidity from esophageal leaks following surgery?
Which approach may have lower morbidity from esophageal leaks following surgery?
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What is the primary blood supply to the stomach after replacing the esophagus?
What is the primary blood supply to the stomach after replacing the esophagus?
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What is the first-line management for chylothorax following esophagectomy?
What is the first-line management for chylothorax following esophagectomy?
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What is indicated for unresectable esophageal tumors?
What is indicated for unresectable esophageal tumors?
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What is the prognosis for patients with malignant fistulas?
What is the prognosis for patients with malignant fistulas?
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What is the most common defect in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)?
What is the most common defect in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)?
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What is the best test to diagnose Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)?
What is the best test to diagnose Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)?
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What surgical procedure is indicated for GERD when there is failure of medical treatment, avoidance of lifetime meds, or refractory complications?
What surgical procedure is indicated for GERD when there is failure of medical treatment, avoidance of lifetime meds, or refractory complications?
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What is the key maneuver for identifying the left crura during Nissen fundoplication?
What is the key maneuver for identifying the left crura during Nissen fundoplication?
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What is the most common cause of dysphagia following Nissen fundoplication?
What is the most common cause of dysphagia following Nissen fundoplication?
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What type of hiatal hernia involves the sliding of the gastroesophageal junction above the diaphragm?
What type of hiatal hernia involves the sliding of the gastroesophageal junction above the diaphragm?
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Which type of hiatal hernia requires repair due to the risk of gastric incarceration?
Which type of hiatal hernia requires repair due to the risk of gastric incarceration?
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What is Schatzki's ring associated with?
What is Schatzki's ring associated with?
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What type of metaplasia in Barrett's esophagus is predisposed to esophageal cancer?
What type of metaplasia in Barrett's esophagus is predisposed to esophageal cancer?
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How often should Barrett's esophagus be surveilled with endoscopy and biopsies if no dysplasia is detected?
How often should Barrett's esophagus be surveilled with endoscopy and biopsies if no dysplasia is detected?
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What symptoms are observed in paraesophageal hernias?
What symptoms are observed in paraesophageal hernias?
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What is recommended for the treatment of Schatzki's ring associated with GERD?
What is recommended for the treatment of Schatzki's ring associated with GERD?
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Which is the most common benign esophageal tumor?
Which is the most common benign esophageal tumor?
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What is the most likely symptom of leiomyoma?
What is the most likely symptom of leiomyoma?
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What is the recommended management for a leiomyoma larger than 5 cm or causing symptoms?
What is the recommended management for a leiomyoma larger than 5 cm or causing symptoms?
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Which type of caustic substance causes deep liquefaction necrosis in the esophagus?
Which type of caustic substance causes deep liquefaction necrosis in the esophagus?
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What is the recommended initial diagnostic test for suspected esophageal perforations?
What is the recommended initial diagnostic test for suspected esophageal perforations?
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What is the best test to assess esophageal lesions in caustic esophageal injury?
What is the best test to assess esophageal lesions in caustic esophageal injury?
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What would be the management for a contained esophageal perforation that is self-draining with no systemic effects?
What would be the management for a contained esophageal perforation that is self-draining with no systemic effects?
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Which site is the most common for iatrogenic esophageal perforations?
Which site is the most common for iatrogenic esophageal perforations?
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Which condition is characterized by forceful vomiting followed by chest pain and often a history of ETOH?
Which condition is characterized by forceful vomiting followed by chest pain and often a history of ETOH?
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What sign on auscultation may indicate Boerhaave’s syndrome?
What sign on auscultation may indicate Boerhaave’s syndrome?
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