Esophageal Disorders and Cancer Quiz

Formation of crystals into larger stones in the kidneys, commonly calcium-based, but can also be uric acid or cysteine.

Malignant tumor in the kidney; often associated with high blood pressure and obesity.

Acute Kidney Injury; sudden reduction in kidney function, often reversible.

Chronic Kidney Disease; gradual loss of kidney function over time, often from long-term conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure.

Inflammation of the bladder, leading to symptoms like pain while urinating, frequent urination, and urgency.

Kidney infection, characterized by pain in the side and fever.

Severe, intermittent pain in the flank or lower abdomen, often accompanied by nausea and vomiting.

Regulates fluids, electrolytes; excretes waste; controls blood pressure and acid-base balance.

A complication of GERD where the lining of the esophagus changes, increasing cancer risk.

Cancer of the esophagus, often from GERD, smoking, or genetics

Erosion or ulceration of the stomach or duodenum, often due to H. pylori or NSAIDs.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease causing acid reflux into the esophagus.

These are disorders related to secretion (like gastritis) and motility (like gastroparesis) in the stomach.

Bright red blood vomited from above the stomach.

Vomited blood that has been partially digested in the stomach, appearing dark and ground coffee-like.

Esophagitis can arise from various sources, such as radiation, corrosive substances, pills, and infections.

Outpouchings or bulges in the esophageal wall.

A hole or tear in the esophageal wall.

Stomach pushing through the diaphragm.

Stomach acid flowing back up into the esophagus.

Dark, tarry stool due to digested blood in the intestines.

Small pouches that form in the lining of the colon.

The presence of diverticula without inflammation.

Inflammation of the diverticula.

Malignant growth in the colon or rectum.

Benign tumors that can precede colorectal cancer.

Abnormal enlargement of anal vascular cushions.

Symptoms like hematochezia, anemia, change in bowel habits, weight loss, and fatigue, initially asymptomatic.

Lifestyle factors like obesity, lack of exercise, smoking, alcohol, diet (high red meat, low fiber).

Pain in the upper mid-abdominal region.

Inflammation of the stomach lining, can be acute or chronic.

H. pylori, smoking, alcohol, poor diet (low fruits/veggies), and pernicious anemia increase risk.

Chronic inflammation in the lower digestive tract, with two main types: ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

Type of IBD affecting the colon's lining, causing continuous inflammation that can spread through the length of the colon.

Type of IBD causing inflammation with granulomas and tissue damage, affecting any part of the digestive tract (most often in the small intestine).

Adhesions and other factors (HERNIA, ADHESIONS, NEOPLASM/TUMOR, GALLSTONE ILEUS, INTUSSUSCEPTION, VOLVULUS) can cause blockages in the gut.

Inflammation of the appendix, often due to blockage and bacterial infection, leading to potential rupture.

Some colon cancers, particularly those in the descending colon, are less likely to cause bowel obstruction.

Cancers on the left side (descending colon) often cause the stool to become narrow and pencil-like.

Cancer screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) is recommended for all men and women starting at age 50.

Cirrhosis, Hep B/C infections, excess alcohol, and obesity are factors in liver cancer.

Liver cancer can cause weakness, weight loss, abdominal bloating, jaundice, and liver dysfunction.

Alcohol is the most common cause of cirrhosis (liver scarring).

Alcohol can cause fatty liver (steatosis), hepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, progressing from mild to severe.

Early signs of liver cirrhosis include increased serum ammonia, restlessness (agitation) and impairments in judgment.

Advanced cirrhosis can cause anorexia, weight loss, ascites, esophageal varices, portal hypertension, jaundice, and confusion.

Gallstones often form in the gallbladder, potentially migrating to bile ducts, causing inflammation and obstruction.

Women who are multiparous, use estrogen replacement, or take oral contraceptives have increased risks.

Alcohol is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis, along with gallstones, infections, trauma, and certain medications.

Acute pancreatitis causes severe abdominal pain (LUQ), tenderness, vital sign changes (hypotension, tachycardia, fever), & potential complications like hypovolemic shock.

Chronic pancreatitis frequently arises from alcohol abuse, but stones, tumors, and cystic fibrosis can also cause this.

Pancreatic cancer symptoms often develop slowly, leading to delayed diagnosis, and may include abdominal pain, malabsorption, weight loss, back pain, jaundice, and diabetes.