ESCI Quarter 2: Weathering and Erosion

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What percentage of the Earth's internal heat is contributed by the decay of radioactive elements?

80%

50% (correct)

30%

20%

What is the process by which the melting point of rocks is decreased by diluting in water or carbon dioxide?

Flux Melting (correct)

Contact Metamorphism

Gravitational Pressure

Partial Melting

What is the term used to describe the process of rocks melting due to differences in their melting points?

Contact Metamorphism

Flux Melting

Volcanism

Partial Melting (correct)

What pattern do the active fractures in the Lithosphere along the ocean floor exhibit?

A pattern that mimics the shapes of the continental coastlines Signup and view all the answers

What is the age of the oldest seafloor rock found?

180 million years old Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the formation of composite volcanoes around the subduction zones of the Pacific plate?

Pacific Ring of Fire Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of chemical weathering in cave systems with high Calcium content?

Stalactites and stalagmites Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of weathering where water reacts with CO2 to form weak acids?

Carbonation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the expansion of moisture inside rocks, causing lattice and fractures in the rock?

Freeze-thaw Signup and view all the answers

What is the temperature range of the Crust?

200°C to 1000°C Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of geological activities taking place below the Earth's surface?

Plutonism Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between pressure and melting point?

As pressure increases, the required temperature to melt a material also increases Signup and view all the answers

What happens to sediments as oceanic crust subducts?

They are carried with the subducting crust, rich in silicates Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the higher silicon content in magma?

More violent volcanoes Signup and view all the answers

What is observed on either side of the mid-ocean ridge?

Similar patterns of seafloor magnetism Signup and view all the answers

What is the stage of an ocean basin when a rift valley is formed?

Embryonic ocean basin Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a narrow sea as continents diverge?

It expands and becomes a larger ocean Signup and view all the answers

What is the current stage of the Atlantic Ocean?

Mature ocean basin Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when an ocean is surrounded by converging continents?

The ocean basin is stripped of its materials due to subduction Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the collision of continents?

The creation of a mountainous region Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of index fossils?

To act as markers to the age of the layers of the crust Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of ocean basin materials melting back into the mantle?

Recycling process Signup and view all the answers

Why do continents hold greater amounts of evidence of geological history?

Because the recycling process is a faster rate of destroying rocks than the weathering and erosion on the continent Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process when an ocean turns into a sea?

Terminal ocean basin Signup and view all the answers