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Questions and Answers
What is the primary reactant in hydration reactions that causes rocks to break apart?
What is the result of hydrolysis reactions on mineral structures?
What is the product of the reaction between carbon dioxide and water in carbonation reactions?
What is the oxidation state of iron that is converted to during oxidation reactions?
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Which type of chemical weathering involves the reaction of water with minerals in rocks, resulting in the formation of new compounds?
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What is the role of carbonic acid in carbonation reactions?
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What is the result of the reaction between pyrite and oxygen in oxidation reactions?
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What is the result of the reaction between calcite and carbonic acid in carbonation reactions?
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Study Notes
Chemical Weathering
Chemical weathering is the breakdown of rocks into smaller particles through chemical reactions.
Hydration
- Hydration is a type of chemical weathering that involves the reaction of water with minerals in rocks.
- Water molecules (H2O) react with mineral ions to form new compounds, increasing the volume of the rock and causing it to break apart.
- Examples of hydration reactions include:
- Calcite (CaCO3) + H2O → Ca(OH)2 + CO2
- Anhydrite (CaSO4) + H2O → Gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O)
Hydrolysis
- Hydrolysis is a type of chemical weathering that involves the reaction of water with minerals in rocks, resulting in the breakdown of the mineral structure.
- Hydrolysis reactions involve the substitution of H+ or OH- ions for other ions in the mineral, causing the mineral to break down.
- Examples of hydrolysis reactions include:
- Feldspar (KAlSi3O8) + H2O → Kaolinite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4) + K+ + SiO2
- Mica (KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2) + H2O → Kaolinite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4) + K+ + SiO2
Oxidation
- Oxidation is a type of chemical weathering that involves the reaction of oxygen with minerals in rocks, resulting in the formation of new compounds.
- Oxidation reactions often involve the conversion of ferrous iron (Fe2+) to ferric iron (Fe3+), resulting in the formation of iron oxide compounds.
- Examples of oxidation reactions include:
- Pyrite (FeS2) + O2 → Fe2O3 + S
- Iron-rich minerals + O2 → Iron oxides (e.g. hematite, Fe2O3)
Carbonation
- Carbonation is a type of chemical weathering that involves the reaction of carbon dioxide (CO2) with water to form carbonic acid (H2CO3).
- Carbonic acid reacts with minerals in rocks, causing them to break down and dissolve.
- Examples of carbonation reactions include:
- Calcite (CaCO3) + H2CO3 → Ca2+ + HCO3-
- Silicate minerals + H2CO3 → Silicic acid + metal ions
Chemical Weathering
- Chemical weathering is the breakdown of rocks into smaller particles through chemical reactions.
Hydration
- Hydration is a type of chemical weathering that involves the reaction of water with minerals in rocks.
- Water molecules (H2O) react with mineral ions to form new compounds, increasing the volume of the rock and causing it to break apart.
- Examples of hydration reactions include:
- Calcite (CaCO3) + H2O → Ca(OH)2 + CO2
- Anhydrite (CaSO4) + H2O → Gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O)
Hydrolysis
- Hydrolysis is a type of chemical weathering that involves the reaction of water with minerals in rocks, resulting in the breakdown of the mineral structure.
- Hydrolysis reactions involve the substitution of H+ or OH- ions for other ions in the mineral, causing the mineral to break down.
- Examples of hydrolysis reactions include:
- Feldspar (KAlSi3O8) + H2O → Kaolinite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4) + K+ + SiO2
- Mica (KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2) + H2O → Kaolinite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4) + K+ + SiO2
Oxidation
- Oxidation is a type of chemical weathering that involves the reaction of oxygen with minerals in rocks, resulting in the formation of new compounds.
- Oxidation reactions often involve the conversion of ferrous iron (Fe2+) to ferric iron (Fe3+), resulting in the formation of iron oxide compounds.
- Examples of oxidation reactions include:
- Pyrite (FeS2) + O2 → Fe2O3 + S
- Iron-rich minerals + O2 → Iron oxides (e.g. hematite, Fe2O3)
Carbonation
- Carbonation is a type of chemical weathering that involves the reaction of carbon dioxide (CO2) with water to form carbonic acid (H2CO3).
- Carbonic acid reacts with minerals in rocks, causing them to break down and dissolve.
- Examples of carbonation reactions include:
- Calcite (CaCO3) + H2CO3 → Ca2+ + HCO3-
- Silicate minerals + H2CO3 → Silicic acid + metal ions
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Description
Learn about chemical weathering through hydration reactions, where water interacts with minerals to break down rocks into smaller particles.
