Escape Velocity
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Questions and Answers

What happens to the ball when its initial velocity is above a certain value?

  • It starts moving horizontally along the earth's surface
  • It escapes the earth's gravitational force and never falls back (correct)
  • It stays suspended in the air at a certain height
  • It falls back to the earth with a higher speed

    • What is the relationship between the force of gravity and the distance from the earth?

  • The force of gravity is directly proportional to the distance
  • The force of gravity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance (correct)
  • The force of gravity increases with the square of the distance
  • The force of gravity decreases with the square of the distance

    • At what distance from the earth does the object's kinetic energy become zero?

  • At the surface of the earth
  • At infinite distance from the earth (correct)
  • At a distance of 10,000 km
  • At a height of 100 km

    • What is the total energy of the object at infinite distance from the earth?

    <p>Zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expression for the potential energy of an object on the surface of the earth?

    <p>-GMm/R</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of the kinetic energy of the object at infinite distance from the earth?

    <p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle used to determine the escape velocity of an object?

    <p>The law of conservation of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition for an object to escape the earth's gravitational force?

    <p>Its initial velocity is equal to the escape velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the date of the Government resolution mentioned in the text?

    <p>25.4.2016</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the Chairman of the Science Subject Committee?

    <p>Dr. Chandrashekhar Murumkar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the app through which the digital textbook can be obtained?

    <p>Diksha App</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the address of the Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research?

    <p>Senapati Bapat Marg, Pune 411004</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the person responsible for the coordination of the textbook?

    <p>Rajiv Arun Patole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year was the first edition of the textbook published?

    <p>2018</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Q.R. Code given on the title page of the textbook?

    <p>To obtain the digital textbook</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who reserves all rights relating to the book?

    <p>The Director, Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the change in the level of sea water at a given location along the sea shore?

    <p>Gravitational force exerted by the moon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the acceleration of Mahendra as he moves towards Virat?

    <p>It increases with time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the assumption made in Example 2 regarding the bench on which Mahendra is sitting?

    <p>It is frictionless</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the velocity of Mahendra as he moves towards Virat?

    <p>It increases with time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the occurrence of high and low tides at different times at different places?

    <p>The Moon's orbit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the gravitational force exerted by the Moon on the water at the place of high tide?

    <p>Towards the Moon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of an ellipse in the context of Kepler's laws?

    <p>A curve obtained when a cone is cut by an inclined plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sum of the distances to the two focal points from every point on an ellipse?

    <p>Constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the acceleration and the velocity of Mahendra as he moves towards Virat?

    <p>The acceleration is proportional to the velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the gravitational force exerted by the Moon on the water at the places of low tide?

    <p>It causes the water level to fall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the orbit of a planet according to Kepler's first law?

    <p>Ellipse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the position of the Sun in the elliptical orbit of a planet according to Kepler's first law?

    <p>At one of the foci of the ellipse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the line joining the planet and the Sun and the area swept by the planet according to Kepler's second law?

    <p>The line joining the planet and the Sun sweeps equal areas in equal intervals of time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the period of revolution of a planet and its mean distance from the Sun according to Kepler's third law?

    <p>The period of revolution is directly proportional to the cube of the mean distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mathematical representation of Kepler's third law?

    <p>T^2 ∝ r^3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the equal areas swept by the planet in equal intervals of time according to Kepler's second law?

    <p>It indicates that the planet's angular momentum is constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of places for elements in the modern periodic table?

    <p>118</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which block of the periodic table consists of the groups 1 and 2?

    <p>s-block</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the series that forms the f-block of the periodic table?

    <p>Lanthanide and Actinide series</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the elements in the d-block of the periodic table?

    <p>They are transition elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the zig-zag line in the p-block of the periodic table?

    <p>To separate the metals and nonmetals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the neighbouring elements differ in their properties within a period?

    <p>They differ slightly in their properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of blocks in the modern periodic table?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the elements that lie on the right side of the zig-zag line in the p-block of the periodic table?

    <p>They are nonmetals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Escape Velocity

    • Escape velocity is the initial velocity of an object that allows it to overcome the gravitational force of the Earth and escape its gravity.
    • The force of gravity becomes zero at infinite distance from the Earth, which means the object must reach infinite distance to be free from the Earth's gravity.
    • For an object to escape the Earth's gravity, it must reach a velocity equal to the escape velocity.

    Energy and Escape Velocity

    • The total energy of an object on the surface of the Earth is equal to its kinetic energy plus potential energy.
    • As the object moves upwards, its kinetic energy decreases, and its potential energy increases.
    • At infinite distance from the Earth, the object's kinetic energy becomes zero, and its potential energy becomes zero.

    Kepler's Laws

    • Kepler's first law: The orbit of a planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the foci.
    • Kepler's second law: The line joining the planet and the Sun sweeps equal areas in equal intervals of time.
    • Kepler's third law: The square of a planet's period of revolution around the Sun is directly proportional to the cube of the mean distance of the planet from the Sun.

    Tides

    • High and low tides occur due to the gravitational force exerted by the moon on the Earth's oceans.
    • Water directly under the moon gets pulled towards the moon, causing high tide, while at 90° from the place of high tide, the level of water is minimum, causing low tide.

    Periodic Table

    • The modern periodic table has 118 boxes, each corresponding to a place for one element.
    • The periodic table is divided into four blocks: s-block, p-block, d-block, and f-block.
    • The d-block elements are called transition elements, and the lanthanide and actinide series form the f-block.
    • A zig-zag line can be drawn in the p-block to separate metals, metalloids, and nonmetals.

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    Determine the value of escape velocity using the law of conservation of energy when an object goes vertically upwards from the earth's surface.

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