Leukocyte Disorders

What is the absolute monocyte count threshold for monocytosis in adults?

1.0 x 10^9/L

Which condition is NOT associated with monocytosis?

Anemia

What is the defining absolute lymphocyte count for lymphocytosis in adults?

5.0 x 10^9/L

What is the threshold for lymphocytopenia in children based on the absolute lymphocyte count?

2.0 x 10^9/L Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is commonly associated with lymphocytopenia?

Aplastic anemia Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Pelger-Huet anomaly?

Distinctive coarse chromatin clumping pattern Signup and view all the answers

What is the major function of neutrophils in the innate immune system?

Phagocytosis and destruction of foreign material and microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokines are critical for eosinophil growth and survival?

IL-5 and IL-33 Signup and view all the answers

Which transcription factors are involved in establishing the eosinophil lineage?

GATA-1, PU.1, and c/EBP Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of eosinophil promyelocytes?

Presence of Charcot-Leyden crystal protein in their primary granules Signup and view all the answers

Which type of eosinophil cell stage is characterized by the presence of large, pale, reddish-orange secondary granules?

Myelocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of mature eosinophils?

Presence of a bilobed nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What are common symptoms of myelodysplastic syndromes?

Fatigue and weakness Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of death in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes?

Infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the average survival time from the time of diagnosis for myelodysplastic syndromes?

5 years Signup and view all the answers

What part of the body experiences pain in patients with splenomegaly?

Left upper quadrant Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of myelodysplastic syndromes in elderly patients?

Stable morphologic abnormalities Signup and view all the answers

Which cell lines are affected by progressive cytopenias in myelodysplastic syndromes?

Erythroid, myeloid, and/or megakaryocytic cells Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are primarily responsible for killing virus and tumor infected cells?

Natural Killer cells Signup and view all the answers

In Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) caused by gamma chain deficiency, which of the following cells are affected?

T cells, B cells, and Natural Killer cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) deficiency SCID?

Autosomal recessive inheritance of mutations in the ADA gene Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of SCID?

Enlarged tonsils and lymph nodes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary defect in Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS)?

Mutations in the WAS gene, leading to decreased WASP protein levels Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common feature of Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome?

Autoimmune disorders Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the peak incidence of polycythemia vera?

Occurs most often in people under the age of 30 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with polycythemia vera?

Increased blood viscosity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom associated with the increased blood viscosity in polycythemia vera?

Fever Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of therapeutic phlebotomy in the early stages of polycythemia vera?

To decrease the hematocrit to less than 45% for men and 42% for women Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of hydroxyurea in the treatment of polycythemia vera?

It inhibits DNA synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical range of the platelet count in patients with essential thrombocytosis?

Greater than 1000 x 10^9/L Signup and view all the answers