Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of erythropoietin in the body?
In babies, jaundice occurs due to liver maturity.
False
What is the purpose of phlebotomy in treating polycythemia?
To decrease hematocrit levels
RBCs are typically destroyed after _______ days.
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Match the following conditions with their effects on RBC production:
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What is a common cause of secondary polycythemia in adults?
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What triggers the release of erythropoietin in response to low oxygen levels?
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Artificial erythropoietin can cause hypotension.
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What happens to the iron from heme during RBC destruction?
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Newborn babies may experience polycythemia due to ____________________ levels of oxygenation.
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What is a common manifestation of hyperviscosity in polycythemia?
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Match the following conditions with their relation to erythropoiesis:
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Secondary polycythemia can be caused by obstructive sleep apnea.
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What is the goal of phlebotomy in treating polycythemia?
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Which of the following is NOT a cause of polycythemia?
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Erythropoietin is produced by the liver.
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What happens to the heme during RBC destruction?
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Erythropoietin is released in response to ______________________ oxygen levels.
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Match the following conditions with their effects on RBC production:
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Which of the following is a common manifestation of hyperviscosity in polycythemia?
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Primary polycythemia is a genetic disorder.
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Why is phlebotomy used to treat polycythemia?
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Which of the following stimulates the bone marrow to increase RBC production?
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True or False: Erythropoietin is secreted by the liver to stimulate bone marrow RBC production.
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What happens to the iron from heme during RBC destruction?
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Polycythemia can be caused by _______________________ diseases.
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Match the following conditions with their effects on RBC production:
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True or False: Artificial erythropoietin can cause hypertension.
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What is the goal of phlebotomy in treating polycythemia?
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Jaundice in babies occurs due to the liver being _______________________.
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What is the primary stimulus for the release of erythropoietin?
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Jaundice in babies occurs due to liver overproduction of bilirubin.
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What happens to the heme during RBC destruction?
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Polycythemia can be caused by _______________________ diseases.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
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What is a common manifestation of hyperviscosity in polycythemia?
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Why is phlebotomy used to treat polycythemia?
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Androgens stimulate bone marrow RBC production.
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Study Notes
Influences on Erythropoiesis
- Androgens stimulate erythropoiesis
- Hypoxia or anemia leads to:
- Release of erythropoietin
- Increased RBC production in bone marrow
- Erythropoietin:
- Secreted by the kidney to stimulate bone marrow RBC production
- Artificial form: Epogen
- Hold or reduce based on HbG levels (hold over 10)
- Causes hypertension (HTN)
Destruction of RBC
- RBCs are destroyed after >120 days
- Destruction occurs:
- By macrophages
- Iron from heme is recycled in bone marrow
- Heme is converted to bilirubin, conjugated in liver, and excreted in bile
- Jaundice in babies due to immature liver
- Phototherapy is used to treat jaundice in babies
Excessive RBCs
- Polycythemia:
- Causes:
- Hypoxia
- Smoking
- Pulmonary/Cardiac diseases
- Erythropoietin overproduction
- Malignant tumors
- Genetic disorder
- Primary polycythemia
- Newborn babies (decreased oxygenation levels)
- Causes:
- Secondary polycythemia:
- Overload in adults
- Causes:
- OSA (obstructive sleep apnea)
- COPD
- Manifestations of hyperviscosity:
- Increase in viscosity - harder to pump through smaller vessels
- Symptoms:
- Chest pain
- Shortness of breath (SOB)
- Clot formation
- Leg pain (with or without swelling)
- Platelet count increase
- Treatment: phlebotomy (goal is to decrease hematocrit levels)
Influences on Erythropoiesis
- Androgens stimulate erythropoiesis
- Hypoxia or anemia leads to:
- Release of erythropoietin
- Increased RBC production in bone marrow
- Erythropoietin:
- Secreted by the kidney to stimulate bone marrow RBC production
- Artificial form: Epogen
- Hold or reduce based on HbG levels (hold over 10)
- Causes hypertension (HTN)
Destruction of RBC
- RBCs are destroyed after >120 days
- Destruction occurs:
- By macrophages
- Iron from heme is recycled in bone marrow
- Heme is converted to bilirubin, conjugated in liver, and excreted in bile
- Jaundice in babies due to immature liver
- Phototherapy is used to treat jaundice in babies
Excessive RBCs
- Polycythemia:
- Causes:
- Hypoxia
- Smoking
- Pulmonary/Cardiac diseases
- Erythropoietin overproduction
- Malignant tumors
- Genetic disorder
- Primary polycythemia
- Newborn babies (decreased oxygenation levels)
- Causes:
- Secondary polycythemia:
- Overload in adults
- Causes:
- OSA (obstructive sleep apnea)
- COPD
- Manifestations of hyperviscosity:
- Increase in viscosity - harder to pump through smaller vessels
- Symptoms:
- Chest pain
- Shortness of breath (SOB)
- Clot formation
- Leg pain (with or without swelling)
- Platelet count increase
- Treatment: phlebotomy (goal is to decrease hematocrit levels)
Influences on Erythropoiesis
- Androgens stimulate erythropoiesis
- Hypoxia or anemia leads to:
- Release of erythropoietin
- Increased RBC production in bone marrow
- Erythropoietin:
- Secreted by the kidney to stimulate bone marrow RBC production
- Artificial form: Epogen
- Hold or reduce based on HbG levels (hold over 10)
- Causes hypertension (HTN)
Destruction of RBC
- RBCs are destroyed after >120 days
- Destruction occurs:
- By macrophages
- Iron from heme is recycled in bone marrow
- Heme is converted to bilirubin, conjugated in liver, and excreted in bile
- Jaundice in babies due to immature liver
- Phototherapy is used to treat jaundice in babies
Excessive RBCs
- Polycythemia:
- Causes:
- Hypoxia
- Smoking
- Pulmonary/Cardiac diseases
- Erythropoietin overproduction
- Malignant tumors
- Genetic disorder
- Primary polycythemia
- Newborn babies (decreased oxygenation levels)
- Causes:
- Secondary polycythemia:
- Overload in adults
- Causes:
- OSA (obstructive sleep apnea)
- COPD
- Manifestations of hyperviscosity:
- Increase in viscosity - harder to pump through smaller vessels
- Symptoms:
- Chest pain
- Shortness of breath (SOB)
- Clot formation
- Leg pain (with or without swelling)
- Platelet count increase
- Treatment: phlebotomy (goal is to decrease hematocrit levels)
Influences on Erythropoiesis
- Androgens stimulate erythropoiesis
- Hypoxia or anemia leads to:
- Release of erythropoietin
- Increased RBC production in bone marrow
- Erythropoietin:
- Secreted by the kidney to stimulate bone marrow RBC production
- Artificial form: Epogen
- Hold or reduce based on HbG levels (hold over 10)
- Causes hypertension (HTN)
Destruction of RBC
- RBCs are destroyed after >120 days
- Destruction occurs:
- By macrophages
- Iron from heme is recycled in bone marrow
- Heme is converted to bilirubin, conjugated in liver, and excreted in bile
- Jaundice in babies due to immature liver
- Phototherapy is used to treat jaundice in babies
Excessive RBCs
- Polycythemia:
- Causes:
- Hypoxia
- Smoking
- Pulmonary/Cardiac diseases
- Erythropoietin overproduction
- Malignant tumors
- Genetic disorder
- Primary polycythemia
- Newborn babies (decreased oxygenation levels)
- Causes:
- Secondary polycythemia:
- Overload in adults
- Causes:
- OSA (obstructive sleep apnea)
- COPD
- Manifestations of hyperviscosity:
- Increase in viscosity - harder to pump through smaller vessels
- Symptoms:
- Chest pain
- Shortness of breath (SOB)
- Clot formation
- Leg pain (with or without swelling)
- Platelet count increase
- Treatment: phlebotomy (goal is to decrease hematocrit levels)
Influences on Erythropoiesis
- Androgens stimulate erythropoiesis
- Hypoxia or anemia leads to:
- Release of erythropoietin
- Increased RBC production in bone marrow
- Erythropoietin:
- Secreted by the kidney to stimulate bone marrow RBC production
- Artificial form: Epogen
- Hold or reduce based on HbG levels (hold over 10)
- Causes hypertension (HTN)
Destruction of RBC
- RBCs are destroyed after >120 days
- Destruction occurs:
- By macrophages
- Iron from heme is recycled in bone marrow
- Heme is converted to bilirubin, conjugated in liver, and excreted in bile
- Jaundice in babies due to immature liver
- Phototherapy is used to treat jaundice in babies
Excessive RBCs
- Polycythemia:
- Causes:
- Hypoxia
- Smoking
- Pulmonary/Cardiac diseases
- Erythropoietin overproduction
- Malignant tumors
- Genetic disorder
- Primary polycythemia
- Newborn babies (decreased oxygenation levels)
- Causes:
- Secondary polycythemia:
- Overload in adults
- Causes:
- OSA (obstructive sleep apnea)
- COPD
- Manifestations of hyperviscosity:
- Increase in viscosity - harder to pump through smaller vessels
- Symptoms:
- Chest pain
- Shortness of breath (SOB)
- Clot formation
- Leg pain (with or without swelling)
- Platelet count increase
- Treatment: phlebotomy (goal is to decrease hematocrit levels)
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Description
This quiz covers the factors that influence erythropoiesis, including androgens, hypoxia, and erythropoietin. It also explains the process of RBC destruction and iron recycling.