Erythropoiesis Regulation and RBC Destruction
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of erythropoietin in the body?

  • To conjugate bilirubin in the liver
  • To stimulate bone marrow RBC production (correct)
  • To destroy RBCs
  • To regulate iron recycling

    • In babies, jaundice occurs due to liver maturity.

    False

    What is the purpose of phlebotomy in treating polycythemia?

    To decrease hematocrit levels

    RBCs are typically destroyed after _______ days.

    <p>120</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following conditions with their effects on RBC production:

    <p>Hypoxia = Androgens = Erythropoietin =</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of secondary polycythemia in adults?

    <p>Obstructive sleep apnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of erythropoietin in response to low oxygen levels?

    <p>Tissues not getting enough oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Artificial erythropoietin can cause hypotension.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the iron from heme during RBC destruction?

    <p>Iron is recycled in the bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Newborn babies may experience polycythemia due to ____________________ levels of oxygenation.

    <p>decreased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common manifestation of hyperviscosity in polycythemia?

    <p>Increase in viscosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following conditions with their relation to erythropoiesis:

    <p>Androgens = Stimulate bone marrow RBC production Hypoxia or anemia = Trigger erythropoietin release Erythropoietin = Secreted by the kidney to stimulate RBC production Primary polycythemia = Genetic disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Secondary polycythemia can be caused by obstructive sleep apnea.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of phlebotomy in treating polycythemia?

    <p>To decrease hematocrit levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of polycythemia?

    <p>Anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Erythropoietin is produced by the liver.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the heme during RBC destruction?

    <p>The heme is converted to bilirubin and conjugated in the liver, then excreted in the bile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Erythropoietin is released in response to ______________________ oxygen levels.

    <p>low</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following conditions with their effects on RBC production:

    <p>Androgens = Increases RBC production Hypoxia = Increases RBC production Anemia = Increases RBC production Smoking = Increases RBC production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common manifestation of hyperviscosity in polycythemia?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Primary polycythemia is a genetic disorder.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is phlebotomy used to treat polycythemia?

    <p>To decrease hematocrit levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following stimulates the bone marrow to increase RBC production?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False: Erythropoietin is secreted by the liver to stimulate bone marrow RBC production.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the iron from heme during RBC destruction?

    <p>The iron is recycled in the bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Polycythemia can be caused by _______________________ diseases.

    <p>Pulmonary/Cardiac</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following conditions with their effects on RBC production:

    <p>Hypoxia = Increases RBC production Smoking = Increases RBC production Erythropoietin overproduction = Increases RBC production Decreased oxygenation levels = Increases RBC production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False: Artificial erythropoietin can cause hypertension.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of phlebotomy in treating polycythemia?

    <p>To decrease hematocrit levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Jaundice in babies occurs due to the liver being _______________________.

    <p>immature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary stimulus for the release of erythropoietin?

    <p>Low oxygen levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Jaundice in babies occurs due to liver overproduction of bilirubin.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the heme during RBC destruction?

    <p>turned to bilirubin and conjugated in the liver and excreted in the bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Polycythemia can be caused by _______________________ diseases.

    <p>pulmonary/Cardiac</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Erythropoiesis = Destruction of RBCs Polycythemia = Excessive production of RBCs Hyperviscosity = Increased viscosity of blood Anemia = Low RBC count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common manifestation of hyperviscosity in polycythemia?

    <p>Increased viscosity - harder to pump through smaller vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is phlebotomy used to treat polycythemia?

    <p>to decrease hematocrit levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Androgens stimulate bone marrow RBC production.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Influences on Erythropoiesis

    • Androgens stimulate erythropoiesis
    • Hypoxia or anemia leads to:
      • Release of erythropoietin
      • Increased RBC production in bone marrow
    • Erythropoietin:
      • Secreted by the kidney to stimulate bone marrow RBC production
      • Artificial form: Epogen
      • Hold or reduce based on HbG levels (hold over 10)
      • Causes hypertension (HTN)

    Destruction of RBC

    • RBCs are destroyed after >120 days
    • Destruction occurs:
      • By macrophages
      • Iron from heme is recycled in bone marrow
      • Heme is converted to bilirubin, conjugated in liver, and excreted in bile
      • Jaundice in babies due to immature liver
      • Phototherapy is used to treat jaundice in babies

    Excessive RBCs

    • Polycythemia:
      • Causes:
        • Hypoxia
        • Smoking
        • Pulmonary/Cardiac diseases
        • Erythropoietin overproduction
        • Malignant tumors
        • Genetic disorder
        • Primary polycythemia
        • Newborn babies (decreased oxygenation levels)
    • Secondary polycythemia:
      • Overload in adults
      • Causes:
        • OSA (obstructive sleep apnea)
        • COPD
    • Manifestations of hyperviscosity:
      • Increase in viscosity - harder to pump through smaller vessels
      • Symptoms:
        • Chest pain
        • Shortness of breath (SOB)
        • Clot formation
        • Leg pain (with or without swelling)
        • Platelet count increase
    • Treatment: phlebotomy (goal is to decrease hematocrit levels)

    Influences on Erythropoiesis

    • Androgens stimulate erythropoiesis
    • Hypoxia or anemia leads to:
      • Release of erythropoietin
      • Increased RBC production in bone marrow
    • Erythropoietin:
      • Secreted by the kidney to stimulate bone marrow RBC production
      • Artificial form: Epogen
      • Hold or reduce based on HbG levels (hold over 10)
      • Causes hypertension (HTN)

    Destruction of RBC

    • RBCs are destroyed after >120 days
    • Destruction occurs:
      • By macrophages
      • Iron from heme is recycled in bone marrow
      • Heme is converted to bilirubin, conjugated in liver, and excreted in bile
      • Jaundice in babies due to immature liver
      • Phototherapy is used to treat jaundice in babies

    Excessive RBCs

    • Polycythemia:
      • Causes:
        • Hypoxia
        • Smoking
        • Pulmonary/Cardiac diseases
        • Erythropoietin overproduction
        • Malignant tumors
        • Genetic disorder
        • Primary polycythemia
        • Newborn babies (decreased oxygenation levels)
    • Secondary polycythemia:
      • Overload in adults
      • Causes:
        • OSA (obstructive sleep apnea)
        • COPD
    • Manifestations of hyperviscosity:
      • Increase in viscosity - harder to pump through smaller vessels
      • Symptoms:
        • Chest pain
        • Shortness of breath (SOB)
        • Clot formation
        • Leg pain (with or without swelling)
        • Platelet count increase
    • Treatment: phlebotomy (goal is to decrease hematocrit levels)

    Influences on Erythropoiesis

    • Androgens stimulate erythropoiesis
    • Hypoxia or anemia leads to:
      • Release of erythropoietin
      • Increased RBC production in bone marrow
    • Erythropoietin:
      • Secreted by the kidney to stimulate bone marrow RBC production
      • Artificial form: Epogen
      • Hold or reduce based on HbG levels (hold over 10)
      • Causes hypertension (HTN)

    Destruction of RBC

    • RBCs are destroyed after >120 days
    • Destruction occurs:
      • By macrophages
      • Iron from heme is recycled in bone marrow
      • Heme is converted to bilirubin, conjugated in liver, and excreted in bile
      • Jaundice in babies due to immature liver
      • Phototherapy is used to treat jaundice in babies

    Excessive RBCs

    • Polycythemia:
      • Causes:
        • Hypoxia
        • Smoking
        • Pulmonary/Cardiac diseases
        • Erythropoietin overproduction
        • Malignant tumors
        • Genetic disorder
        • Primary polycythemia
        • Newborn babies (decreased oxygenation levels)
    • Secondary polycythemia:
      • Overload in adults
      • Causes:
        • OSA (obstructive sleep apnea)
        • COPD
    • Manifestations of hyperviscosity:
      • Increase in viscosity - harder to pump through smaller vessels
      • Symptoms:
        • Chest pain
        • Shortness of breath (SOB)
        • Clot formation
        • Leg pain (with or without swelling)
        • Platelet count increase
    • Treatment: phlebotomy (goal is to decrease hematocrit levels)

    Influences on Erythropoiesis

    • Androgens stimulate erythropoiesis
    • Hypoxia or anemia leads to:
      • Release of erythropoietin
      • Increased RBC production in bone marrow
    • Erythropoietin:
      • Secreted by the kidney to stimulate bone marrow RBC production
      • Artificial form: Epogen
      • Hold or reduce based on HbG levels (hold over 10)
      • Causes hypertension (HTN)

    Destruction of RBC

    • RBCs are destroyed after >120 days
    • Destruction occurs:
      • By macrophages
      • Iron from heme is recycled in bone marrow
      • Heme is converted to bilirubin, conjugated in liver, and excreted in bile
      • Jaundice in babies due to immature liver
      • Phototherapy is used to treat jaundice in babies

    Excessive RBCs

    • Polycythemia:
      • Causes:
        • Hypoxia
        • Smoking
        • Pulmonary/Cardiac diseases
        • Erythropoietin overproduction
        • Malignant tumors
        • Genetic disorder
        • Primary polycythemia
        • Newborn babies (decreased oxygenation levels)
    • Secondary polycythemia:
      • Overload in adults
      • Causes:
        • OSA (obstructive sleep apnea)
        • COPD
    • Manifestations of hyperviscosity:
      • Increase in viscosity - harder to pump through smaller vessels
      • Symptoms:
        • Chest pain
        • Shortness of breath (SOB)
        • Clot formation
        • Leg pain (with or without swelling)
        • Platelet count increase
    • Treatment: phlebotomy (goal is to decrease hematocrit levels)

    Influences on Erythropoiesis

    • Androgens stimulate erythropoiesis
    • Hypoxia or anemia leads to:
      • Release of erythropoietin
      • Increased RBC production in bone marrow
    • Erythropoietin:
      • Secreted by the kidney to stimulate bone marrow RBC production
      • Artificial form: Epogen
      • Hold or reduce based on HbG levels (hold over 10)
      • Causes hypertension (HTN)

    Destruction of RBC

    • RBCs are destroyed after >120 days
    • Destruction occurs:
      • By macrophages
      • Iron from heme is recycled in bone marrow
      • Heme is converted to bilirubin, conjugated in liver, and excreted in bile
      • Jaundice in babies due to immature liver
      • Phototherapy is used to treat jaundice in babies

    Excessive RBCs

    • Polycythemia:
      • Causes:
        • Hypoxia
        • Smoking
        • Pulmonary/Cardiac diseases
        • Erythropoietin overproduction
        • Malignant tumors
        • Genetic disorder
        • Primary polycythemia
        • Newborn babies (decreased oxygenation levels)
    • Secondary polycythemia:
      • Overload in adults
      • Causes:
        • OSA (obstructive sleep apnea)
        • COPD
    • Manifestations of hyperviscosity:
      • Increase in viscosity - harder to pump through smaller vessels
      • Symptoms:
        • Chest pain
        • Shortness of breath (SOB)
        • Clot formation
        • Leg pain (with or without swelling)
        • Platelet count increase
    • Treatment: phlebotomy (goal is to decrease hematocrit levels)

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    Description

    This quiz covers the factors that influence erythropoiesis, including androgens, hypoxia, and erythropoietin. It also explains the process of RBC destruction and iron recycling.

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