Erythropoiesis Regulation and RBC Destruction
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of erythropoietin in the body?

  • To conjugate bilirubin in the liver
  • To stimulate bone marrow RBC production (correct)
  • To destroy RBCs
  • To regulate iron recycling

In babies, jaundice occurs due to liver maturity.

False (B)

What is the purpose of phlebotomy in treating polycythemia?

To decrease hematocrit levels

RBCs are typically destroyed after _______ days.

<p>120</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their effects on RBC production:

<p>Hypoxia = Androgens = Erythropoietin =</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of secondary polycythemia in adults?

<p>Obstructive sleep apnea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the release of erythropoietin in response to low oxygen levels?

<p>Tissues not getting enough oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Artificial erythropoietin can cause hypotension.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the iron from heme during RBC destruction?

<p>Iron is recycled in the bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

Newborn babies may experience polycythemia due to ____________________ levels of oxygenation.

<p>decreased</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common manifestation of hyperviscosity in polycythemia?

<p>Increase in viscosity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their relation to erythropoiesis:

<p>Androgens = Stimulate bone marrow RBC production Hypoxia or anemia = Trigger erythropoietin release Erythropoietin = Secreted by the kidney to stimulate RBC production Primary polycythemia = Genetic disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

Secondary polycythemia can be caused by obstructive sleep apnea.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of phlebotomy in treating polycythemia?

<p>To decrease hematocrit levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of polycythemia?

<p>Anemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Erythropoietin is produced by the liver.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the heme during RBC destruction?

<p>The heme is converted to bilirubin and conjugated in the liver, then excreted in the bile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Erythropoietin is released in response to ______________________ oxygen levels.

<p>low</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their effects on RBC production:

<p>Androgens = Increases RBC production Hypoxia = Increases RBC production Anemia = Increases RBC production Smoking = Increases RBC production</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common manifestation of hyperviscosity in polycythemia?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Primary polycythemia is a genetic disorder.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is phlebotomy used to treat polycythemia?

<p>To decrease hematocrit levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following stimulates the bone marrow to increase RBC production?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False: Erythropoietin is secreted by the liver to stimulate bone marrow RBC production.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the iron from heme during RBC destruction?

<p>The iron is recycled in the bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

Polycythemia can be caused by _______________________ diseases.

<p>Pulmonary/Cardiac</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their effects on RBC production:

<p>Hypoxia = Increases RBC production Smoking = Increases RBC production Erythropoietin overproduction = Increases RBC production Decreased oxygenation levels = Increases RBC production</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False: Artificial erythropoietin can cause hypertension.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of phlebotomy in treating polycythemia?

<p>To decrease hematocrit levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

Jaundice in babies occurs due to the liver being _______________________.

<p>immature</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary stimulus for the release of erythropoietin?

<p>Low oxygen levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Jaundice in babies occurs due to liver overproduction of bilirubin.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the heme during RBC destruction?

<p>turned to bilirubin and conjugated in the liver and excreted in the bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

Polycythemia can be caused by _______________________ diseases.

<p>pulmonary/Cardiac</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Erythropoiesis = Destruction of RBCs Polycythemia = Excessive production of RBCs Hyperviscosity = Increased viscosity of blood Anemia = Low RBC count</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common manifestation of hyperviscosity in polycythemia?

<p>Increased viscosity - harder to pump through smaller vessels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is phlebotomy used to treat polycythemia?

<p>to decrease hematocrit levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

Androgens stimulate bone marrow RBC production.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Influences on Erythropoiesis

  • Androgens stimulate erythropoiesis
  • Hypoxia or anemia leads to:
    • Release of erythropoietin
    • Increased RBC production in bone marrow
  • Erythropoietin:
    • Secreted by the kidney to stimulate bone marrow RBC production
    • Artificial form: Epogen
    • Hold or reduce based on HbG levels (hold over 10)
    • Causes hypertension (HTN)

Destruction of RBC

  • RBCs are destroyed after >120 days
  • Destruction occurs:
    • By macrophages
    • Iron from heme is recycled in bone marrow
    • Heme is converted to bilirubin, conjugated in liver, and excreted in bile
    • Jaundice in babies due to immature liver
    • Phototherapy is used to treat jaundice in babies

Excessive RBCs

  • Polycythemia:
    • Causes:
      • Hypoxia
      • Smoking
      • Pulmonary/Cardiac diseases
      • Erythropoietin overproduction
      • Malignant tumors
      • Genetic disorder
      • Primary polycythemia
      • Newborn babies (decreased oxygenation levels)
  • Secondary polycythemia:
    • Overload in adults
    • Causes:
      • OSA (obstructive sleep apnea)
      • COPD
  • Manifestations of hyperviscosity:
    • Increase in viscosity - harder to pump through smaller vessels
    • Symptoms:
      • Chest pain
      • Shortness of breath (SOB)
      • Clot formation
      • Leg pain (with or without swelling)
      • Platelet count increase
  • Treatment: phlebotomy (goal is to decrease hematocrit levels)

Influences on Erythropoiesis

  • Androgens stimulate erythropoiesis
  • Hypoxia or anemia leads to:
    • Release of erythropoietin
    • Increased RBC production in bone marrow
  • Erythropoietin:
    • Secreted by the kidney to stimulate bone marrow RBC production
    • Artificial form: Epogen
    • Hold or reduce based on HbG levels (hold over 10)
    • Causes hypertension (HTN)

Destruction of RBC

  • RBCs are destroyed after >120 days
  • Destruction occurs:
    • By macrophages
    • Iron from heme is recycled in bone marrow
    • Heme is converted to bilirubin, conjugated in liver, and excreted in bile
    • Jaundice in babies due to immature liver
    • Phototherapy is used to treat jaundice in babies

Excessive RBCs

  • Polycythemia:
    • Causes:
      • Hypoxia
      • Smoking
      • Pulmonary/Cardiac diseases
      • Erythropoietin overproduction
      • Malignant tumors
      • Genetic disorder
      • Primary polycythemia
      • Newborn babies (decreased oxygenation levels)
  • Secondary polycythemia:
    • Overload in adults
    • Causes:
      • OSA (obstructive sleep apnea)
      • COPD
  • Manifestations of hyperviscosity:
    • Increase in viscosity - harder to pump through smaller vessels
    • Symptoms:
      • Chest pain
      • Shortness of breath (SOB)
      • Clot formation
      • Leg pain (with or without swelling)
      • Platelet count increase
  • Treatment: phlebotomy (goal is to decrease hematocrit levels)

Influences on Erythropoiesis

  • Androgens stimulate erythropoiesis
  • Hypoxia or anemia leads to:
    • Release of erythropoietin
    • Increased RBC production in bone marrow
  • Erythropoietin:
    • Secreted by the kidney to stimulate bone marrow RBC production
    • Artificial form: Epogen
    • Hold or reduce based on HbG levels (hold over 10)
    • Causes hypertension (HTN)

Destruction of RBC

  • RBCs are destroyed after >120 days
  • Destruction occurs:
    • By macrophages
    • Iron from heme is recycled in bone marrow
    • Heme is converted to bilirubin, conjugated in liver, and excreted in bile
    • Jaundice in babies due to immature liver
    • Phototherapy is used to treat jaundice in babies

Excessive RBCs

  • Polycythemia:
    • Causes:
      • Hypoxia
      • Smoking
      • Pulmonary/Cardiac diseases
      • Erythropoietin overproduction
      • Malignant tumors
      • Genetic disorder
      • Primary polycythemia
      • Newborn babies (decreased oxygenation levels)
  • Secondary polycythemia:
    • Overload in adults
    • Causes:
      • OSA (obstructive sleep apnea)
      • COPD
  • Manifestations of hyperviscosity:
    • Increase in viscosity - harder to pump through smaller vessels
    • Symptoms:
      • Chest pain
      • Shortness of breath (SOB)
      • Clot formation
      • Leg pain (with or without swelling)
      • Platelet count increase
  • Treatment: phlebotomy (goal is to decrease hematocrit levels)

Influences on Erythropoiesis

  • Androgens stimulate erythropoiesis
  • Hypoxia or anemia leads to:
    • Release of erythropoietin
    • Increased RBC production in bone marrow
  • Erythropoietin:
    • Secreted by the kidney to stimulate bone marrow RBC production
    • Artificial form: Epogen
    • Hold or reduce based on HbG levels (hold over 10)
    • Causes hypertension (HTN)

Destruction of RBC

  • RBCs are destroyed after >120 days
  • Destruction occurs:
    • By macrophages
    • Iron from heme is recycled in bone marrow
    • Heme is converted to bilirubin, conjugated in liver, and excreted in bile
    • Jaundice in babies due to immature liver
    • Phototherapy is used to treat jaundice in babies

Excessive RBCs

  • Polycythemia:
    • Causes:
      • Hypoxia
      • Smoking
      • Pulmonary/Cardiac diseases
      • Erythropoietin overproduction
      • Malignant tumors
      • Genetic disorder
      • Primary polycythemia
      • Newborn babies (decreased oxygenation levels)
  • Secondary polycythemia:
    • Overload in adults
    • Causes:
      • OSA (obstructive sleep apnea)
      • COPD
  • Manifestations of hyperviscosity:
    • Increase in viscosity - harder to pump through smaller vessels
    • Symptoms:
      • Chest pain
      • Shortness of breath (SOB)
      • Clot formation
      • Leg pain (with or without swelling)
      • Platelet count increase
  • Treatment: phlebotomy (goal is to decrease hematocrit levels)

Influences on Erythropoiesis

  • Androgens stimulate erythropoiesis
  • Hypoxia or anemia leads to:
    • Release of erythropoietin
    • Increased RBC production in bone marrow
  • Erythropoietin:
    • Secreted by the kidney to stimulate bone marrow RBC production
    • Artificial form: Epogen
    • Hold or reduce based on HbG levels (hold over 10)
    • Causes hypertension (HTN)

Destruction of RBC

  • RBCs are destroyed after >120 days
  • Destruction occurs:
    • By macrophages
    • Iron from heme is recycled in bone marrow
    • Heme is converted to bilirubin, conjugated in liver, and excreted in bile
    • Jaundice in babies due to immature liver
    • Phototherapy is used to treat jaundice in babies

Excessive RBCs

  • Polycythemia:
    • Causes:
      • Hypoxia
      • Smoking
      • Pulmonary/Cardiac diseases
      • Erythropoietin overproduction
      • Malignant tumors
      • Genetic disorder
      • Primary polycythemia
      • Newborn babies (decreased oxygenation levels)
  • Secondary polycythemia:
    • Overload in adults
    • Causes:
      • OSA (obstructive sleep apnea)
      • COPD
  • Manifestations of hyperviscosity:
    • Increase in viscosity - harder to pump through smaller vessels
    • Symptoms:
      • Chest pain
      • Shortness of breath (SOB)
      • Clot formation
      • Leg pain (with or without swelling)
      • Platelet count increase
  • Treatment: phlebotomy (goal is to decrease hematocrit levels)

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Description

This quiz covers the factors that influence erythropoiesis, including androgens, hypoxia, and erythropoietin. It also explains the process of RBC destruction and iron recycling.

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