Erythropoiesis and Oxygen Release Quiz

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What is the main constituent of plasma?

Water (90-92%)

List the three main functions of the globulins.

Antibodies (immunoglobulins) for immunity 2. Transport of hormones and mineral salts 3. Inhibition of some proteolytic enzymes

What are the main components of blood?

Plasma and blood cells

What are the functions of blood?

Transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, heat, antibodies, clotting factors, and wastes Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal percentage composition of plasma and blood cells in blood?

Plasma 55%, cell fraction 45% Signup and view all the answers

How can blood cells and plasma be separated?

By centrifugation (spinning) or by simple gravity Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of body weight that blood makes up?

About 7% Signup and view all the answers

How much blood is present in a 70 kg man?

About 5.6 litres Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of red blood cells?

Transport of gas, mainly oxygen, and some carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the lifespan of red blood cells in the circulation?

About 120 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when immature red blood cells are released into the bloodstream and mature into erythrocytes?

Erythropoiesis Signup and view all the answers

What are the two vitamins required for red blood cell synthesis?

Vitamin B12 and folic acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the average lifespan of vitamin B12 stores in the liver?

Several years Signup and view all the answers

What is the oxygen-carrying capacity of an average red blood cell?

Over a billion oxygen molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the iron-containing complex in the haemoglobin molecule?

Haem Signup and view all the answers

What is the iron-carrying protein in the bloodstream?

Transferrin Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the color of blood as its oxygen content increases?

It becomes bright red Signup and view all the answers

What causes the dark bluish color of blood with lower oxygen levels?

It is not saturated with oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for the reversible binding of oxygen to haemoglobin?

Oxyhaemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

What conditions can cause oxyhaemoglobin to release its oxygen readily?

Low pH Signup and view all the answers

What is the hormone that regulates red blood cell production?

Erythropoietin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary stimulus for increased erythropoiesis?

Hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

What is the lifespan of erythrocytes?

About 120 days Signup and view all the answers

Where does the breakdown of erythrocytes take place?

Spleen, bone marrow, and liver Signup and view all the answers

What is formed from the haem part of the haemoglobin during breakdown?

Biliverdin, which is almost completely reduced to bilirubin Signup and view all the answers

What determines an individual's blood group?

Inherited antigens carried on the red blood cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to match the blood types of the donor and recipient during transfusion?

To avoid an incompatible transfusion reaction Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the UK population has A-type antigens on their red cell surface?

About 55% Signup and view all the answers

What antibodies do blood group A individuals make?

Anti-B Signup and view all the answers

Why are blood group AB people sometimes known as universal recipients?

They make neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies Signup and view all the answers

Why is cross-matching required prior to transfusion?

To ensure there is no reaction between donor and recipient bloods Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of hypoxia on erythropoietin production?

It stimulates increased erythropoiesis Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of people are Rhesus-positive (Rh+)?

85% Signup and view all the answers

What type of blood can the AB group receive?

Compatible with all groups Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of neutrophils in the body's defense system?

Protect the body against bacterial invasion, and remove dead cells and debris from damaged tissues. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of eosinophils in the body?

Elimination of parasites, such as worms Signup and view all the answers

What type of blood can the O group donate to?

Compatible with all groups Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of basophils in the body?

Promote inflammation and contain histamine Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of leukocytes?

Granulocytes and agranulocytes Signup and view all the answers

What type of blood can the B group receive?

Compatible with B and O Signup and view all the answers

What do Rh- individuals have the capability of making?

Anti-Rhesus antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the total percentage of leukocytes in the blood volume?

About 1% Signup and view all the answers

What are the nuclei of granulocytes like?

Multilobed Signup and view all the answers

What type of blood can the A group donate to?

Compatible with A and AB Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of mast cells?

Degranulate within seconds of binding an allergen Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of macrophages?

Actively phagocytic and produce cytokines Signup and view all the answers

What are the two distinct types of lymphocytes?

T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal blood platelet count?

Between 200 x10^9/L and 350 x10^9/L Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of platelets in the body?

Promote blood clotting and haemostasis Signup and view all the answers

What causes the rapid onset of allergic symptoms following exposure to an allergen?

Mast cells degranulating within seconds of binding an allergen Signup and view all the answers

What hormone stimulates platelet production?

Thrombopoietin Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of monocytes?

Actively motile, phagocytic, and produce interleukin 1 Signup and view all the answers

Where do most lymphocytes reside in the body?

In tissues, including lymphatic tissue such as lymph nodes and the spleen Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of interleukin 1?

Stimulates the production of some globulins by the liver, enhances the production of activated T-lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the hormone thrombopoietin?

Stimulates platelet production Signup and view all the answers

What happens when platelets come into contact with a damaged blood vessel?

Their surface becomes sticky, they adhere to the damaged wall, and release serotonin and thromboxanes Signup and view all the answers

Erythropoiesis and Oxygen Release Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main constituent of plasma?

List the three main functions of the globulins.

What are the main components of blood?

What are the functions of blood?

What is the normal percentage composition of plasma and blood cells in blood?

How can blood cells and plasma be separated?

What is the approximate percentage of body weight that blood makes up?

How much blood is present in a 70 kg man?

What is the main function of red blood cells?

What is the lifespan of red blood cells in the circulation?

What is the process called when immature red blood cells are released into the bloodstream and mature into erythrocytes?

What are the two vitamins required for red blood cell synthesis?

What is the average lifespan of vitamin B12 stores in the liver?

What is the oxygen-carrying capacity of an average red blood cell?

What is the name of the iron-containing complex in the haemoglobin molecule?

What is the iron-carrying protein in the bloodstream?

What happens to the color of blood as its oxygen content increases?

What causes the dark bluish color of blood with lower oxygen levels?

What is the equation for the reversible binding of oxygen to haemoglobin?

What conditions can cause oxyhaemoglobin to release its oxygen readily?

What is the hormone that regulates red blood cell production?

What is the primary stimulus for increased erythropoiesis?

What is the lifespan of erythrocytes?

Where does the breakdown of erythrocytes take place?

What is formed from the haem part of the haemoglobin during breakdown?

What determines an individual's blood group?

Why is it important to match the blood types of the donor and recipient during transfusion?

What percentage of the UK population has A-type antigens on their red cell surface?

What antibodies do blood group A individuals make?

Why are blood group AB people sometimes known as universal recipients?

Why is cross-matching required prior to transfusion?

What is the effect of hypoxia on erythropoietin production?

What percentage of people are Rhesus-positive (Rh+)?

What type of blood can the AB group receive?

What is the function of neutrophils in the body's defense system?

What is the main role of eosinophils in the body?

What type of blood can the O group donate to?

What is the main function of basophils in the body?

What are the two main types of leukocytes?

What type of blood can the B group receive?

What do Rh- individuals have the capability of making?

What is the total percentage of leukocytes in the blood volume?

What are the nuclei of granulocytes like?

What type of blood can the A group donate to?

What is the main function of mast cells?

What is the main function of macrophages?

What are the two distinct types of lymphocytes?

What is the normal blood platelet count?

What is the main function of platelets in the body?

What causes the rapid onset of allergic symptoms following exposure to an allergen?

What hormone stimulates platelet production?

What is the main function of monocytes?

Where do most lymphocytes reside in the body?

What is the main function of interleukin 1?

What is the main function of the hormone thrombopoietin?

What happens when platelets come into contact with a damaged blood vessel?

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