Erythrocytes II: Hemolytic Anemias

What is the primary result of hemolytic anemia?

Which of the following is a common mechanism of hemolytic anemia?

What is the primary difference between intravascular and extravascular hemolysis?

What is a typical finding in intravascular hemolysis?

What role does haptoglobin play in intravascular hemolysis?

What is the primary process in extravascular hemolysis?

Which finding is commonly associated with extravascular hemolysis?

Which of the following is a potential cause of hemolytic anemia?

Which of the following clinical signs is associated with hemolytic anemia?

Which of these findings is MOST indicative of Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia (IMHA)?

What is the typical mechanism of red blood cell destruction in IMHA?

Which of the following can cause IMHA?

What clinical finding is often observed in dogs with IMHA but is less common in other species?

In a dog with IMHA, what does agglutination of red blood cells indicate?

Which test is used to detect the presence of antibodies on the surface of red blood cells?

What can cause a false negative result on a Coombs' test?

What is the primary risk associated with neonatal isoerythrolysis?

In which species is neonatal isoerythrolysis a concern due to naturally occurring antibodies?

What is the significance of 'rouleaux' formation on a blood film?

How does a saline dilution test help differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?

Which term describes red blood cell destruction caused by mycoplasma?

How are hemotropic mycoplasmas generally transmitted?

Which domestic animal is affected by Mycoplasma haemocanis?

What is the main method for definitively diagnosing hemotropic mycoplasma infections?

What is the drug of choice for treating hemotropic mycoplasma infections?

What are the vectors that transmits Cytauxzoon felis?

Which species is most severely affected by Cytauxzoon felis infection?

What is the morphology of Babesia organisms seen within red blood cells?

Which tick genus primarily transmits Babesia canis?

In the US, which canine population shows the HIGHEST incidence of Babesia gibsoni?

Which disease is diagnosed using the Coggins test?

What primary mechanism does acetaminophen toxicity cause that can lead to hemolytic anemia?

How does zinc toxicity cause hemolytic anemia?

Ingestion of what type of tree leaves is particularly toxic to horses and causes marked anemia with Heinz bodies?

What is the primary consequence of hypophosphatemia that leads to hemolytic anemia?

Pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency primarily affects which cellular process?

Which of the following breeds is predisposed to pyruvate kinase deficiency?

What term describes red blood cell destruction caused by water intoxication?

A blood smear from a dog with suspected IMHA shows numerous spherocytes and strong autoagglutination, yet the initial Coombs' test is negative. What is the MOST likely explanation for this?

A veterinarian is evaluating a blood smear and observes structures resembling small, dot-like organisms on the surface of erythrocytes. Further investigation reveals that these organisms lack a cell wall and are susceptible to tetracycline antibiotics. Which of the following infectious agents is MOST consistent with these findings?

Researchers are investigating a novel treatment for pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency in Basenji dogs, focusing on enhancing ATP production within erythrocytes. Which of the following interventions would be MOST directly relevant to addressing the underlying pathophysiology of PK deficiency?

What is the underlying mechanism of hemolytic anemia?

In intravascular hemolysis, where does the destruction of red blood cells primarily occur?

Which of the following is a characteristic finding specifically associated with intravascular hemolysis?

What is the typical appearance of plasma in a case of intravascular hemolysis?

Why might an artifactual increase in Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) be observed in cases of intravascular hemolysis?

In extravascular hemolysis, where are the red blood cells primarily removed and destroyed?

Which of the following findings is typically associated with extravascular hemolysis but NOT intravascular hemolysis?

What type of anemia is typically observed in hemolytic conditions, unless it is peracute or bone marrow response is impaired?

Which of the following is NOT a major category of causes for hemolytic anemia?

Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is primarily characterized by:

In most cases of IMHA, red blood cell destruction occurs via which mechanism?

Which of these conditions is LEAST likely to be a cause of secondary IMHA?

What is spherocytosis, a common finding in canine IMHA, and why is it significant?

What does the presence of agglutination in a blood sample strongly suggest in the context of hemolytic anemia?

Why is a saline dilution test important when evaluating agglutination?

What is the Coombs' test designed to detect?

Which of the following factors can lead to a false negative Coombs' test result in a patient with IMHA?

In feline blood types, which blood type is associated with strong naturally occurring antibodies against type A blood?

Neonatal isoerythrolysis in cats is primarily a concern when:

Which canine blood group is considered the most clinically significant due to its high immunogenicity and involvement in transfusion reactions?

What is the primary mechanism by which hemotropic mycoplasmas cause hemolytic anemia?

What is the most reliable method for definitively diagnosing hemotropic mycoplasma infections?

Which antibiotic class is typically used to treat hemotropic mycoplasma infections?

Cytauxzoon felis is a protozoal parasite transmitted by ticks that causes severe hemolytic anemia primarily in which species?

What is the typical morphology of Babesia organisms as seen within red blood cells on a blood smear?

Babesia gibsoni infection is most commonly observed in which canine population in the United States?

What is the primary toxic effect of acetaminophen that leads to hemolytic anemia?

Ingestion of red maple leaves primarily causes hemolytic anemia in horses due to:

Hypophosphatemia leads to hemolytic anemia primarily by:

Pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency is a hereditary condition affecting which crucial cellular process in red blood cells?

Which of the following dog breeds is known to have a predisposition for pyruvate kinase deficiency?

Osmotic hemolysis, also known as water intoxication-induced hemolysis, occurs when red blood cells are exposed to:

In a case scenario of suspected IMHA with strong autoagglutination and spherocytes but an initial negative Coombs' test, what is the MOST probable explanation for the false negative?

A veterinarian observes small, dot-like epicellular organisms lacking a cell wall on erythrocytes of a dog. These organisms are susceptible to tetracyclines. Which infectious agent is MOST likely?

Researchers are investigating treatments for pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency. Targeting which of the following metabolic pathways would be MOST directly relevant to improving erythrocyte function in PK-deficient dogs?

Considering the clinical findings of a three-day-old foal with weakness, dark urine, icteric mucous membranes and the provided lab data showing low PCV, RBC, high bilirubin and normal MCHC, which condition is MOST suspicious?

In the 'Luna' case (9-year-old miniature horse), the CBC results show macrocytic (high MCV) anemia. Considering hemolytic anemia is suspected, what is the MOST likely explanation for the increased MCV?

Based on Luna's leukogram (high WBC, high Seg N, normal Lymphocytes and Monocytes), which interpretation is MOST consistent with hemolytic anemia and potential inflammation?

The blood film from 'Luna' shows linear arrangements of red blood cells. What is the MOST appropriate term to describe this finding?

In the blood film of 'Luna', a red blood cell with a displaced hemoglobin and a clear 'bite-like' area is observed. What is the correct terminology for this morphologic abnormality?

Based on Luna's CBC and blood film findings (macrocytic regenerative anemia, eccentrocytes, rouleaux, inflammatory leukogram, hemoglobinuria), what is the MOST likely underlying mechanism of her hemolytic anemia?

Which of the following best describes the underlying cause of hemolytic anemias?

Which of the following is commonly observed in cases of intravascular hemolysis?

Why might an artificial increase in MCHC present in cases of intravascular hemolysis?

In the context of hemolytic anemia, what is the significance of haptoglobin?

In extravascular hemolysis, liberated hemaglobin is...

Which of the following is a cause of hemolytic anemia related to immune dysfunction?

Which of the following best describes spherocytosis, a common finding in canine IMHA?

What does agglutination suggest in the context of hemolytic anemia?

Why is performing a saline dilution test important when evaluating a blood sample for agglutination?

Which factor can lead to a false negative Coombs' test result in a patient with IMHA?

Which is MOST likely to have naturally-occurring antibodies?

A veterinarian is presented with a feline patient that requires a blood transfusion. Why is it particularly important to perform blood typing in cats before transfusion?

Which canine blood group is considered the most clinically significant and why?

A blood smear reveals the presence of small, epicellular organisms adhering to the surface of erythrocytes. Which diagnostic method would MOST accurately confirm the presence of hemotropic mycoplasmas?

What is the treatment of choice for infections caused by hemotropic mycoplasmas?

A cat from Oklahoma presents with severe hemolytic anemia. Which parasitic disease should be at the top of your differential list?

What is the MOST common presenting complaint in a horse with Red Maple Leaf Toxicity?

Which of the following is the most accurate description of the mechanism of hypophosphatemia-induced hemolysis?

A young Basenji is evaluated for chronic lethargy and exercise intolerance. A blood smear reveals evidence of hemolytic anemia. Given the breed predisposition, which of the following enzyme deficiencies is MOST likely?

A veterinarian encounters a case of severe osmotic hemolysis following the administration of intravenous fluids. Which of the following scenarios is MOST likely to have caused this?

In acute blood loss, why might a complete blood count (CBC) appear normal immediately following the event?

Following acute blood loss, what physiological process leads to a decrease in packed cell volume (PCV) and plasma protein levels within 12-24 hours?

In a dog that experienced acute blood loss 4 days prior, which CBC findings would indicate a regenerative response?

Why might the total protein level remain normal in a patient with internal blood loss, such as a hem abdomen?

Which of the following best describes 'PEMA' in the context of IMHA?

In a dog with IMHA, what does a positive saline agglutination test indicate?

What is the purpose of performing a saline dilution test when assessing for agglutination?

In the context of anemia diagnostics, what does a positive Coombs' test indicate?

What factors can cause a false negative result when performing the Coombs' test?

Why are blood transfusions in cats more complicated than in dogs regarding naturally occurring antibodies?

What is the primary concern regarding neonatal isoerythrolysis in kittens born to a type B queen?

What is the hallmark microscopic finding of hemotropic mycoplasma infections?

A veterinarian suspects a cat has a hemotropic mycoplasma infection. Which diagnostic test would be MOST appropriate to confirm this?

Red maple leaf toxicity causes hemolytic anemia due to:

How does acute blood loss typically affect total protein (TP) levels?

In intravascular hemolysis, what substance is released into the plasma due to red blood cell lysis?

Elevation of which complete blood count parameter is most likely an artifact found in laboratory analysis?

In extravascular hemolysis, where are RBCs primarily destroyed?

What laboratory finding would you expect to see in a case of extravascular hemolysis?

How does the regenerative response typically differ between hemolytic anemia and blood loss anemia?

Which of the following is an underlying cause of hemolytic anemias?

What is meant by 'autoimmune' in the context of IMHA?

What is the clinical significance of observing spherocytes in a blood sample?

A canine patient presents with IMHA. The veterinarian wishes to assess for underlying trigger. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be an underlying cause of secondary IMHA?

Before performing a blood transfusion. Is pre-sensitization needed?

What is the major incompatibility you should be worried about blood transfusions?

What morphological characteristic helps distinguish Anaplasma marginale from Howell-Jolly bodies on a blood smear?

A blood smear from a dog reveals many small, pale erythrocytes with reduced central pallor, suggestive of spherocytes. However, the veterinarian notes significant echinocytosis due to improper blood smear preparation. How does the presence of echinocytosis complicate the interpretation for spherocytes, and what steps can be taken to address this?

During a blood smear review, a veterinary technician identifies what appears to be rouleaux formation, but they are unsure if it is true rouleaux or agglutination. They perform a saline dilution test and find that the cell arrangements easily disperse with the addition of saline. What is the BEST interpretation of these findings?

Which feature is a protozoal disease?

What are haptoglobins?

Regarding diagnostic testing for IMHA, a veterinarian reads two articles with differing protocols when running a saline-glutination on blood specimen. Article A's protocol is to mix 1 drop of blood with 1 drop of saline. Article B's protocol is to mix 1 drop of blood wth 10 drops of saline. Which statement below is MOST accurate?

What is the initial expected complete blood count (CBC) result during an acute blood loss event?

How does the body respond to restore normal blood volume after acute blood loss?

How long after an acute hemorrhage would a regenerative response be expected in a patient with healthy bone marrow?

What characterizes the classic CBC and chemistry findings in a patient experiencing acute blood loss anemia after the compensatory fluid shift?

How might internal blood loss (e.g., hemoabdomen) affect total protein levels differently than external hemorrhage?

Other than blood loss, what is another primary mechanism for regenerative anemia?

What feature characterizes hemolytic anemia?

What are the two broad categories of hemolytic anemia based on the location of red blood cell destruction?

Under what condition might a hemolytic anemia be non-regenerative?

What findings suggest a combination of intravascular and extravascular hemolysis?

In what circumstances is increased Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) likely to be a real finding?

Red Blood Cell (RBC) ghosts are an indication of?

You observe hemolyzed plasma from a blood sample you took, what does this finding suggest?

Which would not be a classic sign of intravascular hemolysis?

Which of the following findings is MOST indicative of intravascular hemolysis in a blood sample?

In intravascular hemolysis, why does hemoglobinuria occur?

What protein binds to hemoglobin?

What clinical scenario would most likely overwhelm the capacity of circulating haptoglobin?

In extravascular hemolysis, what is the appearance of the plasma?

What causes icterus in extravascular hemolysis?

In extravascular hemolysis, where might you observe the destruction of red blood cells?

With extravascular hemolysis, how does the process occur?

What is the predominant initial cause of immune-mediated hemolytic anemias?

In immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA), antibodies on the surface of red blood cells lead to destruction by which two main mechanisms?

A patient with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) also has very low platelets. What might this comorbidity be referred to as?

What are you observing if you are seeing inflammatory leukogram on a patient with IMHA?

Why is it important to differentiate agglutination from rouleaux?

What is the underlying cause of rouleaux?

What can cause a cold agglutinin?

How is a saline dilution prepared to differentiate agglutination from rouleaux?

Is the Coombs test necessary if a autoagglutination is already present?

What is the primary reason for false negatives in the Coombs test?

An animal is on corticosteroids. Will you get a false positive or false negative in the Coombs test?

Which of the following is the MOST accurate description of 'PEMA' in the context of IMHA?

Why are cats considered different from dogs and horses when talking about blood transfusions?

Why is it important to blood type cats?

Will neonatal isoerythrolysis be seen once the animal is born?

Which blood type poses a significant risk for neonatal isoerythrolysis if they produce kittens with type A or type AB blood?

What is a reason to consider cross-matching?

In a case of acute hemorrhage, why might a complete blood count (CBC) appear normal immediately following the event?

A veterinarian observes, under a microscope, an elevated Heinz body count on a blood smear from a canine blood sample. Knowing that Heinz bodies indicate the red blood cell has undergone an oxidative change, which is the LEAST likely cause?

After running a saline agglutination test on a canine blood sample, you observe under the microscope well-defined, clear separation between red blood cells as well as the noticeable 'coin-stacking' pattern. What is the MOST likely cause?