Erythrocytes and Their Functions
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of erythrocytes?

  • Producing antibodies
  • Transporting nutrients in the blood
  • Fighting infections in the body
  • Carrying oxygen in the blood (correct)
  • Which protein is responsible for carrying oxygen in erythrocytes?

  • Hemoglobin (correct)
  • Spectrin
  • Glycophorin A
  • Band 3 protein
  • What is the composition of the erythrocyte plasmalemma?

  • 50% lipid, 30% carbohydrate, 20% protein
  • 30% lipid, 20% carbohydrate, 50% protein
  • 60% lipid, 10% carbohydrate, 30% protein
  • 40% lipid, 10% carbohydrate, 50% protein (correct)
  • What is the basis for the ABO blood typing system?

    <p>Antigenic sites on glycophorin A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms a lattice bound to underlying actin filaments in erythrocytes?

    <p>Spectrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do erythrocytes frequently assume a cuplike shape according to in vivo observations?

    <p>At the angles of capillary bifurcations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the submembranous meshwork mentioned in the text?

    <p>Stabilizing the membrane and maintaining cell shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of hemoglobin in erythrocytes?

    <p>Carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for erythrocytes?

    <p>Anaerobic glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the removal of senescent or worn-out erythrocytes from circulation?

    <p>Defects in the membrane's cytoskeletal lattice or ion transport systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average lifespan of human erythrocytes in circulation?

    <p>120 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of macrophages in relation to RBCs?

    <p>Recognition and removal of senescent RBCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major groups are leukocytes divided into based on the density of their cytoplasmic granules?

    <p>Granulocytes and agranulocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes granulocytes from agranulocytes?

    <p>Presence of distinct lobes in the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic feature of granulocytes?

    <p>Abundant cytoplasmic granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do granulocytes generate energy for their needs?

    <p>Depend largely on glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated lifespan of granulocytes?

    <p>Only a few days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to most granulocytes in the connective tissue?

    <p>Undergo apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of macrophages in removing cellular debris?

    <p>They remove the debris without causing an inflammatory response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the nucleus in agranulocytes?

    <p>Spherical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes leukocytes to slow down and attach to the endothelium in venules?

    <p>P-selectin on endothelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when leukocytes send extensions through the openings between endothelial cells?

    <p>Diapedesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the attraction of neutrophils to bacteria?

    <p>Chemotaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do leukocytes migrate during diapedesis?

    <p>Out of the venules into the surrounding tissue space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is released from various sources to trigger loosening of intercellular junctions in endothelial cells?

    <p>Cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of P-selectin in the interaction between leukocytes and endothelial cells?

    <p>Causes leukocytes to slow down and attach to the endothelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of leukocytes in healthy adults per microliter of blood?

    <p>4000-10000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do all leukocytes contribute to in the body?

    <p>Defense against invading microorganisms and tissue repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

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