ERP e Sistemas de Fabricação Integrada

ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning

• A tool for managing organizational information
• Organizes, collects, stores, and uses information for the benefit of an organization
• Success relies on organization and technology factors before, during, and after implementation
• Enterprise Systems include large application software for processes, information, data flows, reporting and data analytics in complex organizations
• A central feature of all ERP systems is a shared database supporting multiple organizational business functions
• POM (Production & Operations Management) software aims to optimize workflows (production or service delivery)
• Inventory Control Systems aim to minimize inventory costs (holding, ordering & shipping) and shortage costs

Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Systems

• Uses computers and automation to control the entire manufacturing/production process
• Aims to remove barriers between different organizational functions, promoting close cooperation throughout the process
• Improves production control and reduces costs

Transportation Management Systems

• Handle transportation planning (shipping, consolidation, load & trip planning, route planning, and carrier selection)
• Aims to reduce costs and improve customer service

Logistics Management

• A subset of TMS, coordinating inbound and outbound logistics
• Optimizes transport operations and coordinates with suppliers

Sales Management Systems

• Integrates supply chain technologies
• Synchronizes inbound/outbound material flows
• Manages distribution/transport networks
• Combines different sales procedures and tasks to provide a detailed overview of salespeople, products, location, and customers to help track sales & achieve goals quickly

Financial Planning & Budgeting Systems

• Helps organizations create and manage budgets
• Improves the ability to monitor performance
• Identifies deviations from planned activities, quickly

Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS)

• Centralized employee master data repository
• Supports human resource processes (forecasting needs, skill development)

Supply Chain Management Systems (SCM)

• Manages material acquisition, manufacturing, transportation, delivery, and recycling product disposal
• Effectively manages material, data, and payment flows among companies within the supply chain from suppliers to consumers

Digital Supply Chain Map

• Shows the complete life cycle of a product from raw material to consumer
• Includes warehouses, shipping, manufacturing, and retail distribution centers

Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

• A set of activities, methods, deliverables, and tools for creating and maintaining IT architecture/software.
• Like building, needs framework before design
• Stages: systems planning, systems analysis, design, implementation, testing, support, maintenance.
• Iterative, not linear
• Planning stage defines feasibility of the request.

Systems Design & Development

• Developers use design specifications to create user interfaces.
• Includes hardware/software acquisition, user-system documentation
• Implementation: conversion of old to new systems (plunge, parallel, pilot, phased for specific components).
• Testing verifies applications, interfaces, data transfers, under various conditions.
• Training for users for new systems.
• Support & maintenance: ensures consistent operations, audits assess capabilities.
• SDLC as Waterfall Model (planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, support & maintenance).

Project, Program, and Portfolio Management (PPPM)

• Project: temporary effort for outputs.
• Program: group of related projects.
• Portfolio: collection of unrelated programs.
• Project management successfully guides projects from initiation to completion with established guidelines, procedures, and policies.
• Project success relies on engaged sponsors, organizational strategy alignment, and high project management technology (PMTQ)

Triple Project Constraint

• Scope: project goals
• Time: completion deadline
• Cost: budget

Project Initiation (SOW)

• A definitive statement of work, outlining the project plan but without options.
• Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) identifies all tasks and roles.

Gantt Chart

• Timeline to show project and schedule, tracking progress and tasks.

Program Management

• Manages related projects as a group (better resource utilization than individual projects).
• Provides support for project completion and quality.

Portfolio Management

• Centralized strategic management for proposed/ongoing/future projects.

Project Development vs. Product Development

• Projects have defined end-points.
• Products, if successful, remain ongoing.
• Products usually target multiple customers, while projects often aim for a single customer.

Digital Transformation

• Adapting organizations, processes, and technology to adapt to digital technologies and data analytics.

International Technology Considerations

• Addressing country-specific factors, including language, infrastructure (bandwidth/WIFI), culture, dates, payment systems, and shipping, for international software/services.

Customer Journey Mapping

• Understanding customer interactions with a product or service to identify pain points and opportunities.
• Key considerations include users, frustrations at process steps, how various factors affect cost and urgency, and the process steps that are long, painful.

Quantum Computing

• Based on quantum mechanics, for information processing.
• Unlike classical circuits (0 or 1), qubits represents 0 and 1 simultaneously (superposition, entanglement, interference)
• Has advantages in tasks like optimization, data analysis, or simulations while classical computing is better for everyday tasks.

Augmented Reality (AR) vs. Virtual Reality (VR)

• AR: images on real-world views (e.g., Pokemon Go).
• VR: immersive digital worlds (e.g. Facebook's Metaverse, Playstation virtual games).
• Extended Reality (XR): combining AR and VR for a more realistic experience.

3D Printing (Additive Manufacturing)

• Layer-by-layer construction, using computer-aided design models.
• Complex, lightweight products.
• Increasing demand for manufacturing.

Gamification

• Strategic approach to motivate and strengthen engagement with customers, employees.
• Leveraging game-like principles (challenges, progression, rewards) for increased motivation and productivity.

Ethics

• Values driving ethical decisions in a company.
• Ethical behavior aligning with societal values.
• Organizations (or individuals) have a set of principles and rules to guide their decisions.
• A company's code of ethics shows how it operates in a transparent and responsible manner.

Risk and Compliance

• Crowd sourcing involves obtaining ideas, content, or services from various people.
• Encourages diverse viewpoints and problem-solving.

Outsourcing

• Outsourcing involves using external providers for software development, infrastructure, and services (offshoring, cloud services).
• Outsource life cycle includes assessment, preparation, contract negotiation, transition, monitoring (managing SLAs).

Infrastructure Strategy

• Assess current capacity to handle future digital initiatives and strategic plans

Este quiz explora conceitos fundamentais de ERP e sistemas de fabricação integrada. Discutirá como esses sistemas organizam e otimizam informações e processos na produção. Aprenda sobre a importância de um banco de dados compartilhado e a interconexão entre funções organizacionais.