Erosiones dentales

Study Notes

Definition: Loss of tooth structure due to chemical dissolution, not involving bacteria
Causes:
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- Bulimia nervosa
- Excessive consumption of acidic foods and drinks
- Environmental factors (e.g. industrial exposure to acids)
Characteristics:
- Smooth, glossy appearance
- Typically affects the enamel and dentin
- Can lead to sensitivity and pain
Prevention:
- Reduce consumption of acidic foods and drinks
- Use a fluoride mouthwash
- Avoid habits that promote erosion (e.g. frequent snacking)

Definition: Wear of tooth structure due to mechanical forces
Causes:
- Incorrect toothbrushing technique
- Using a hard-bristled toothbrush
- Excessive force during brushing
- Abrasive toothpaste
Characteristics:
- Worn, flat, or notched appearance
- Typically affects the cervical region of the tooth
- Can lead to sensitivity and pain
Prevention:
- Use a soft-bristled toothbrush
- Brush with gentle strokes
- Avoid using abrasive toothpaste
- Regular dental check-ups

Definition: Condition caused by excessive fluoride intake during tooth development
Causes:
- Excessive consumption of fluoridated water
- Ingestion of fluoride toothpaste or mouthwash
- Prolonged use of fluoride supplements
Characteristics:
- White or brown spots or streaks on the enamel
- Can lead to pitting or roughening of the enamel
- Affects the appearance of the teeth
Prevention:
- Monitor fluoride intake during childhood
- Use fluoride toothpaste and mouthwash in moderation
- Avoid excessive consumption of fluoridated water

Definition: Injury to the tooth or surrounding tissues due to physical trauma
Causes:
- Falls or blows to the mouth or face
- Sports injuries
- Car accidents
- Assault or abuse
Characteristics:
- Fractures or cracks in the tooth
- Displacement or avulsion of the tooth
- Injuries to the surrounding soft tissues
- Can lead to pain, sensitivity, and infection
Prevention:
- Wear a mouthguard during sports or high-risk activities
- Take precautions to avoid falls or blows to the mouth or face
- Practice good oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups

Pérdida de estructura dental debido a la disolución química, no involucrada con bacterias
Causas:
- Enfermedad de reflujo gastroesofágico (GERD)
- Bulimia nervosa
- Consumo excesivo de alimentos y bebidas ácidos
- Factores ambientales (p. ej. exposición industrial a ácidos)
Características:
- Apariencia lisa y brillante
- Afecta típicamente al esmalte y dentina
- Puede llevar a sensibilidad y dolor

Desgaste de la estructura dental debido a fuerzas mecánicas
Causas:
- Técnica de cepillado incorrecta
- Uso de cepillos de dientes de cerdas duras
- Fuerza excesiva durante el cepillado
- Pasta de dientes abrasiva
Características:
- Apariencia desgastada, plana o nodulosa
- Afecta típicamente la región cervical del diente
- Puede llevar a sensibilidad y dolor

Condición causada por la ingesta excesiva de flúor durante el desarrollo dental
Causas:
- Consumo excesivo de agua fluorada
- Ingesta de pasta de dientes o enjuagues con flúor
- Uso prolongado de suplementos de flúor
Características:
- Manchas o rayas blancas o marrones en el esmalte
- Puede llevar a picaduras o aspereza del esmalte
- Afecta la apariencia de los dientes

Lesión en el diente o tejidos circundantes debido a trauma físico
Causas:
- Caídas o golpes en la boca o cara
- Lesiones deportivas
- Accidentes de automóvil
- Agresión o abuso
Características:
- Fracturas o grietas en el diente
- Desplazamiento o avulsión del diente
- Lesiones en los tejidos blandos circundantes
- Puede llevar a dolor, sensibilidad e infección