Dental Erosion Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the main source of intrinsic acid?

  • Stomach (correct)
  • Fruit
  • Dental caries
  • Mechanical trauma

What is a potential consequence of intrinsic acid on the teeth?

  • Tooth enamel strengthening
  • Gum disease
  • Dental caries
  • Palatal wear (correct)

What type of acid source is associated with dietary practices?

  • Intrinsic
  • Mechanical
  • Extrinsic (correct)
  • Dental

What is the primary characteristic of extrinsic acid sources?

<p>They are generally acidic. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important factor to consider when evaluating acid erosion?

<p>The patient's medical history (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following descriptions best characterizes dental erosion?

<p>A surface-softening lesion that results from the chemical dissolution of hard tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are erosive lesions most commonly found on teeth?

<p>On the labial surfaces of upper incisors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of erosive lesions on tooth surfaces?

<p>They are often smooth, flat surfaces. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is NOT typically involved in the development of dental erosion?

<p>Poor dental hygiene habits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of preventive measures against dental erosion?

<p>Modifying lifestyle habits and dietary choices to reduce acid exposure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered an active treatment method?

<p>Using a high fluoride toothpaste (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common characteristic of erosive lesions in their initial stages?

<p>They may be difficult to detect in their early stages. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of research on dental erosion?

<p>Understanding the mechanisms of erosion and its long-term effects. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical pH level associated with dental erosion, according to the provided text?

<p>6.5 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to monitor the progression of dental erosion?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of dental erosion?

<p>Extrinsic acids from food and drinks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, what is a recommended practice to reduce enamel erosion?

<p>Limiting the consumption of acidic fruits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much residual food debris does chewing sugar-free gum for 20 minutes after acid exposure remove?

<p>25% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach regarding active treatment for dental erosion?

<p>Active treatment should be combined with preventative measures like dietary counseling. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common effect of erosion and abrasion on dentin?

<p>Increased sensitivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between salivary flow rate and dental erosion?

<p>Salivary flow rate has a direct impact on erosion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary recommendation for addressing dental erosion?

<p>Monitoring and early intervention to halt erosive progression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential consequence of untreated dental erosion?

<p>Irreversible loss of hard dental tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these articles focuses on the prevalence and incidence of dental erosion?

<p>Jaeggi T, Lussi A.Prevalence, incidence and distribution of erosion.Monogr Oral Sci 2006; 20: 44-65. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the article by Fui, Li, Ma, et al. (2012)?

<p>The effectiveness of sugar-free gum in reducing oral debris (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option is NOT mentioned in the text as a potential cause of dental erosion?

<p>Exposure to tobacco smoke (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of the study by Wefel, Jensen, Hogan, et al. (2012)?

<p>To determine the effects of chewing sugar-free gum on remineralization and demineralization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary message conveyed by the sentence "Invasive procedures should not commence until a period of monitoring has taken place and the erosive progression has halted."?

<p>Early intervention is crucial for preventing the need for invasive procedures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these options is NOT mentioned in the text as a sign of dental erosion?

<p>Jagged deep cavities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that contributes to an increased risk of erosive damage?

<p>Consumption of acidic foods and drinks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT directly mentioned as a factor that can increase the risk of erosive damage?

<p>High intake of vitamin C supplements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of saliva in protecting against erosive damage?

<p>It neutralizes acidic remnants and restores pH balance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following occupations could potentially contribute to an increased risk of erosive damage?

<p>Metal sheet worker (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between exercise and erosive damage?

<p>Exercise can lead to frequent intake of acidic sports beverages, potentially increasing erosive damage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances could potentially contribute to erosive damage?

<p>Aspirin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which saliva protects against erosive damage?

<p>Chemical neutralization of acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these factors is MOST likely to contribute to erosive damage in individuals with low saliva rates?

<p>Frequent intake of acidic beverages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of consuming acidic foods in relation to dental health?

<p>Palatal erosion of the upper anterior teeth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended preventative measure for dental erosion mentioned in the text?

<p>Regular flossing with soft, waxed floss (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which acidic foods cause tooth erosion?

<p>Acidic foods directly dissolve the minerals in tooth enamel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are mouth guards, splints, or neutralising agents recommended for preventing erosion?

<p>They protect the teeth from direct contact with acidic substances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of prolonged exposure to acids on tooth surfaces?

<p>Softening and dissolution of surface minerals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of applying fluoride varnish to susceptible surfaces?

<p>To strengthen the enamel and prevent further erosion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Dahl appliance used for, as mentioned in the text?

<p>To correct an open bite and prevent further erosion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the consumption of acidic foods and the use of a Dahl appliance?

<p>Acidic foods can cause an open bite, necessitating the use of a Dahl appliance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Intrinsic acid sources

Acid sources originating from the stomach that can affect dental health.

Extrinsic acid sources

Acids that enter the oral cavity from external substances or foods.

Dental erosion

The chemical process leading to the loss of tooth enamel due to acid exposure.

Palatal wear

Significant wearing away of the upper palate teeth, often due to acid.

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Acid risk factors

Elements that increase the likelihood of acid-related dental issues.

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Erosion

The irreversible loss of hard tissue due to a chemical process of acid dissolution.

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Causes of Erosion

Erosion is caused by bacterial plaque and acidic foods or drinks.

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Symptoms of Early Erosion

Early signs include smooth, flat facets on tooth surfaces.

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Common Tooth Areas for Erosion

Erosion commonly occurs on the labial surfaces of upper incisors and the mesial and distal surfaces of molars.

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Prevention of Erosion

Preventing erosion involves changing the patient’s lifestyle and monitoring oral care practices.

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Saliva's Role in Erosion

Whole saliva flow rate and composition change can be influenced by diet, especially sugars.

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Remineralization

Certain conditions may allow for remineralization of mild erosion, but it is not always possible.

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Saline Solution in Prevention

Using salt water mouthwashes twice daily can help reduce the risk of erosion.

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Early intervention

Action taken to prevent progression before severe damage occurs.

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Signs of erosion

Indicators of dental erosion include jagged deep cavities.

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Acids in diet

Consumption of acidic foods and beverages can lead to dental erosion.

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Monitoring period

Timeframe to observe conditions before starting invasive treatments.

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Erosive progression

The process by which dental erosion continues to damage tooth structure.

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Preventive measures

Actions to reduce contact with erosive substances to protect teeth.

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Chewing sugar-free gum

A method shown to help reduce oral debris and potential dental issues.

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Dahl Appliance

An orthodontic device that prevents palatal erosion by altering occlusion.

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Palatal Erosion

Wearing away of the upper anterior teeth due to acid exposure.

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Occupational Exposure

Risk associated with certain jobs that may lead to tooth erosion.

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Fluoride Varnish

A treatment applied to teeth to provide a protective layer against acids.

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Generalized Erosion Evaluation

Assessment of tooth surfaces affected by ongoing erosion.

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Chemical Erosion

Tooth loss due to acids from food or drinks.

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Intrinsic Acids

Acids produced within the body, like stomach acid affecting teeth.

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Extrinsic Acids

Acids from external sources like food and beverages causing dental erosion.

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Increased eating occasions

A trend of having more frequent meals or snacks throughout the day.

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Erosive damage

Dental damage caused by acidic foods and drinks leading to enamel wear.

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Salivary flow

The production of saliva which helps neutralize acids in the mouth.

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Buffering capacity

The ability of saliva to neutralize acids and maintain pH balance.

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Acidic foods and drinks

Foods and beverages that can lower the pH in the mouth, risking erosion.

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Sports/energy beverages

Drinks designed to replenish electrolytes and energy, often acidic.

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Poor saliva rates

Low production of saliva which increases risk for erosive damage to teeth.

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Environmental factors

Lifestyle and occupational conditions affecting salivary flow and erosion risk.

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Dietary Erosion

Tooth erosion caused by exposure to non-bacterial acids.

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Critical Oral pH

The pH level of 6.5 or lower that triggers erosion.

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Carbonated Beverages

Drinks that can contribute to dental erosion.

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Post-Acid Exposure Care

Strategies to minimize damage after consuming acids.

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Sugar-Free Gum

Chewing gum that helps remove debris and stimulates saliva.

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Fluoride Toothpaste

Toothpaste containing fluoride to strengthen enamel.

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Study Notes

Dental Erosion

  • Dental erosion is increasing, a significant issue in dentistry
  • It's the irreversible loss of tooth enamel caused by acid, not bacterial plaque
  • It differs from caries as it's a surface softening, not a sub-surface lesion, and resists remineralization
  • Aetiology (cause) is often multifactorial, involving extrinsic or intrinsic acids, along with abrasion, attrition, abfraction, and other non-carious tooth surface loss
  • Extrinsic acids come from ingested substances, like fruits, juices, sports drinks, and carbonated drinks
  • Intrinsic acids come from the stomach (e.g., gastric reflux)
  • Predisposing factors include low salivary flow rates and weak buffering capacity (saliva's bicarbonate and urea neutralise acid)

Risk Factors for Dental Erosion

  • Intrinsic: Gastric in origin (stomach acid)
    • Examples: Bulimia, and rumination (frequent vomiting)
  • Extrinsic: Substances entering the mouth
    • Examples: Fruits, fruit juices, sports drinks and carbonated beverages
  • Predisposing: Factors that make erosion more likely
    • Low salivary flow
    • Reduced buffering capacity

Diagnosis of Dental Erosion

  • Early diagnosis is crucial for halting progression
  • Assessment of risk factors, a medical/dental history, and visual examination are key
  • Visual signs: smooth flat facets on buccal or palatal surfaces, shallow localized dimpling on occlusal surfaces
  • Common locations: palatal surfaces of maxillary teeth, occlusal surfaces of mandibular first molars; also buccal surfaces of maxillary and mandibular canines and premolars, occlusally on the maxillary and mandibular canines and molars.

Passive Management of Dental Erosion

  • Monitoring: Changes in diet, and observing progression, taking photos, study models, silicone impressions, and splints
  • Dietary counseling: Personalised advice: reducing acidic foods/drinks, choosing sugar-free alternatives
  • Chewing gum: Sugar-free gum for 20 minutes after acid exposure, increases remineralization
  • Avoiding: Frothing and swishing with carbonated beverages
  • Medical consultation: Assess for underlying diseases

Active Management of Dental Erosion

  • Intervention: Not pursued until a period of monitoring shows no progression of erosion
  • Space assessment: Essential prior to active procedures, for example, a Dahl appliance
  • Restorations: Composite resin restorations, and sometimes conventional crowns
  • Composite resin build-ups: Could be required for anterior teeth to create space for posterior teeth

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