Erikson's Theory: Trust vs. Mistrust Stage

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Questions and Answers

What psychosocial stage is characterized by the task of developing trust?

Trust vs. mistrust (correct)

Initiative vs. guilt

Identity vs. role confusion

Generativity vs. stagnation

What is a successful outcome of the 'Trust vs. mistrust' stage?

Exploration of new relationships

Faith and hope in the environment (correct)

Formation of a strong identity

Independence and self-control

Which age group corresponds to the psychosocial stage 'Industry vs. inferiority'?

6 to 12 years (correct)

3 to 6 years

12 to 20 years

20 to 30 years

What can result from an unsuccessful outcome in the 'Trust vs. mistrust' stage?

Difficulties relating to others Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary task that infants must achieve during the 'Trust vs. mistrust' stage?

Form attachments to caregivers Signup and view all the answers

In which stage do individuals grapple with intimacy versus isolation?

Young adulthood Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does Erikson believe plays a role in development?

Cultural and environmental factors Signup and view all the answers

What do infants require to help them effectively transition from the 'Trust vs. mistrust' stage?

Warm and consistent care Signup and view all the answers

What is a key developmental task during adolescence?

Developing a sense of identity Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a teenager being unsuccessful in developing their identity?

Confusion about their identity Signup and view all the answers

How should parents adjust their expectations during adolescence?

Provide them with more responsibilities Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended form of discipline for this age group?

Denial of privileges Signup and view all the answers

What role does dating play during adolescence?

It helps discover individual identity. Signup and view all the answers

What emotional challenges do adolescents often face?

Erratic emotions and hormonal changes Signup and view all the answers

What typically happens to family time as adolescents grow older?

It diminishes and more peer time is emphasized. Signup and view all the answers

How can parents support their teenagers during this period of development?

By encouraging independence while monitoring activities. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary task that children face during the early childhood stage (18 months to 3 years)?

Gaining basic control over self and environment Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to feelings of shame and doubt in young children?

Caregivers being overly protective and critical Signup and view all the answers

What is an indication of successful development during the initiative vs. guilt stage?

Willingness to try new activities Signup and view all the answers

What significant task do children face during the school age stage (6 to 12 years)?

Developing social, physical, and learning skills Signup and view all the answers

How do children begin to learn gender roles during the preschool stage?

By observing behaviors of boys and girls in their environment Signup and view all the answers

What can contribute to a sense of inferiority in school-aged children?

Difficulty learning and working Signup and view all the answers

Which parental behavior is likely to facilitate successful exploration during the initiative vs. guilt stage?

Encouraging questions and ideas Signup and view all the answers

What impact can new siblings have on a child's development during the initiative vs. guilt stage?

They can slow down the stage of development Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development

Erikson was a psychologist who focused on the psychosocial aspect of development
He defined 8 stages of development, each identified by a task that must be mastered to move to the next stage
He believed cultural, social, biological, and environmental factors contribute to development
He believed that successful mastery of each stage helps develop a healthy ego

Trust vs. Mistrust - Infancy (birth to 18 months)

The task of this stage is developing a bond with the mother
Success in this stage results in trusting others, having faith and hope about the environment and future
Failure results in difficulty relating to people, suspicion, and trust-fear conflict
Infants need stimulation and love to develop trust.
Physical contact, caring, and familiar surroundings are important for infant development
By 5 or 6 months, infants should be ready to include others in a relationship.
Secure attachments are important for development, and infants with secure attachments are usually happier and less frustrated

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt - Early Childhood (18 months to 3 years)

The task of this stage is gaining basic control over self and environment
Success results in a sense of self-control and adequacy
Failure results in an independence-fear conflict and feelings of self-doubt
Autonomy develops when children learn to feed themselves and do other things without help.
Saying “no” is a part of this stage.
Parents who are impatient and do everything for the child can cause feelings of shame and doubt
Overprotective and critical parents can cause children to be ashamed and doubt their ability to accomplish things

Initiative vs. Guilt - Preschool (3 to 6 years)

The task of this stage is becoming purposeful and directive
Success results in the ability to initiate one’s own activities and a sense of purpose
Failure results in aggression-fear conflicts and a sense of inadequacy or guilt
Initiative is the willingness to try.
Children in this stage are energetic, eager, and curious, and want to explore the world.
Parents can help children through this stage by giving them freedom to explore within safe limits, encouraging questions and ideas, supporting successes, and helping to develop self-esteem
During this stage, children learn about gender roles by observing behaviors of boys and girls.
They learn their own gender by age 3, and can identify other people's gender by age 6.
Caregivers influence a child's gender role adaptation through toys, sports, clothes, etc.
The importance of peers increases, and children need exposure to other children by the age of 3.
By age 6, children are seeking friendships outside the home
New siblings can slow this stage, and parents need to provide equal time and attention to all children

Industry vs Inferiority - School Age (6 to 12 years)

The task of this stage is developing social, physical, and learning skills
Success results in competence, the ability to work and learn.
Failure results in a sense of inferiority and difficulty learning and working
Children in this stage continue to develop their self-concept.
A good relationship with parents and other adults is important for a healthy self-concept.
Social competence develops during this stage, and children learn coping skills for minor stressors and that their behavior can influence others.
Children at this age want to accomplish things, and are interested in how things work.
Parents and teachers should encourage ideas, compliment accomplishments, and support children’s problems.
Parents must adjust expectations and the degree of control they have over their children
It’s normal for children in this stage to spend more time with friends and less time with family.
They should be given more responsibility, such as household chores and opportunities to make decisions.
Group activities are important for developing self-esteem.
It’s no longer recommended to use time-out to discipline children of this age.
Instead, denial of privileges like being around friends or electronics is more appropriate.

Identity vs Role Confusion - Adolescence (12 to 20 years)

The task of this stage is developing a sense of identity.
Success results in a sense of personal identity.
Failure results in confusion about who one is and identity submerged in relationships.
Adolescence is a challenging stage, and it’s normal for teens to experience hormonal fluctuations and erratic emotions.
They learn to manage these emotions and how to get along with others.
Teens seek autonomy and freedom from parental control.
Parents should gradually give teens more freedom to make choices, as long as kids are made aware of the consequences.
Family time lessens, and parents should give more freedom to interact with peers, but continue to monitor activities and friends.
Trying to keep teens too close can lead to estrangement.
Conflicts are more common between parents and teens, but they usually become less severe at 17 or 18 years old.
Dating helps teens discover their identity.
Teens in this stage ask questions regarding their identity and what they will do with their lives.
Teens who successfully cope with these questions develop a sense of self-worth.
Those who don’t may withdraw from society or passively follow the crowd.
Some don’t address these questions until young adulthood.
Adolescents experiment with different roles in society.
This can cause conflicts with parents, as teens may explore alternative lifestyles and value systems.

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Description

Explore the first stage of Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development, focusing on Trust vs. Mistrust during infancy. Understand how developing a bond with caregivers impacts an infant's ability to trust others and navigate relationships later in life. This quiz delves into the key factors that influence trust development in early childhood.