Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the psychosocial crisis faced during the infancy stage of development?
What is the psychosocial crisis faced during the infancy stage of development?
Which basic strength is developed during the early childhood stage?
Which basic strength is developed during the early childhood stage?
What is the core pathology associated with the play age stage?
What is the core pathology associated with the play age stage?
During which stage does the psychosocial crisis of Initiative versus Guilt occur?
During which stage does the psychosocial crisis of Initiative versus Guilt occur?
Signup and view all the answers
What age range does the school age stage cover?
What age range does the school age stage cover?
Signup and view all the answers
Which basic strength is developed during the adolescence stage of personality development?
Which basic strength is developed during the adolescence stage of personality development?
Signup and view all the answers
What psychosocial crisis characterizes the school age stage?
What psychosocial crisis characterizes the school age stage?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the psychosocial crisis associated with young adulthood?
What is the psychosocial crisis associated with young adulthood?
Signup and view all the answers
Which phrase captures Erikson's description of the identity crisis during adolescence?
Which phrase captures Erikson's description of the identity crisis during adolescence?
Signup and view all the answers
Which basic strength is associated with adulthood according to Erikson's stages?
Which basic strength is associated with adulthood according to Erikson's stages?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the core pathology associated with the psychosocial crisis of Integrity versus Despair?
What is the core pathology associated with the psychosocial crisis of Integrity versus Despair?
Signup and view all the answers
Erikson's psychosocial crisis during puberty revolves around which of the following?
Erikson's psychosocial crisis during puberty revolves around which of the following?
Signup and view all the answers
What method did Erikson use to examine the apathy among Sioux children?
What method did Erikson use to examine the apathy among Sioux children?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following represents Erikson's perspective on free choice?
Which of the following represents Erikson's perspective on free choice?
Signup and view all the answers
What term did Erik Erikson coin to describe a pivotal moment in one’s life that influences personality?
What term did Erik Erikson coin to describe a pivotal moment in one’s life that influences personality?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the basic strength that emerges during the stage of old age?
What is the basic strength that emerges during the stage of old age?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following aspects did Erikson emphasize more than Freud in his theory?
Which of the following aspects did Erikson emphasize more than Freud in his theory?
Signup and view all the answers
In Erikson's theory, how is the ego described during childhood?
In Erikson's theory, how is the ego described during childhood?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the core pathology associated with young adulthood?
What is the core pathology associated with young adulthood?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Erikson believe about the role of the ego?
What did Erikson believe about the role of the ego?
Signup and view all the answers
Which concept is NOT associated with Erikson's post-Freudian theory?
Which concept is NOT associated with Erikson's post-Freudian theory?
Signup and view all the answers
How did Erikson relate his developmental stages to personality formation?
How did Erikson relate his developmental stages to personality formation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements best captures Erikson’s view on identity?
Which of the following statements best captures Erikson’s view on identity?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the 'Body Ego' in Erikson's theory?
What is the 'Body Ego' in Erikson's theory?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the ego ideal represent in an individual's identity?
What does the ego ideal represent in an individual's identity?
Signup and view all the answers
How does society influence the development of the ego according to Erikson?
How does society influence the development of the ego according to Erikson?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the epigenetic principle as described by Erikson?
What is the epigenetic principle as described by Erikson?
Signup and view all the answers
What is produced from the conflict between the syntonic and dystonic elements at each stage of development?
What is produced from the conflict between the syntonic and dystonic elements at each stage of development?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens when there is too little basic strength at a stage in Erikson's theory?
What happens when there is too little basic strength at a stage in Erikson's theory?
Signup and view all the answers
What aspect of development did Erikson incorporate into his psychosocial stages?
What aspect of development did Erikson incorporate into his psychosocial stages?
Signup and view all the answers
What are pseudospecies in the context of societal influence?
What are pseudospecies in the context of societal influence?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement best describes Erikson's view on human growth?
Which statement best describes Erikson's view on human growth?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Erikson's Post-Freudian Theory
- Erikson is the person who coined the term identity crisis
- Identity crisis is a turning point in one's life; it can strengthen or weaken personality
- Erikson's theory built upon Freud's ideas, extending the concept of stages into adolescence, adulthood, and old age
- Erikson emphasized both social and historical influences on personality formation
- Erikson was born on June 15, 1902, in southern Germany
- Erikson's biological father was uncertain
- Anna Freud was both his employer and psychoanalyst
- It was a difficult period for him to find his identity
- Erikson held that the ego is a positive force that creates self-identity (a sense of "I")
- During childhood, the ego is fragile and weak and pliable, but by adolescence it should start to take form and strengthen
- The ego is a partially unconscious organizing agency that takes in past identities and anticipated self-images to synthesize into present experience
Components of the Ego
- Body Ego: the way individuals perceive and experience their physical selves in contrast to others
- Ego Ideal: the image individuals have of themselves in comparison to an established ideal. This impacts satisfaction or dissatisfaction with one's identity
- Ego Identity: the image individuals have of themselves in various social roles
Society's Influence
- The ego is a potential at birth, but it develops within cultural environments
- Pseudospecies: an illusion of a particular society that a specific group is somehow better than others
- Erikson expanded upon Freud's theory of development by including school age, youth, adulthood, and old age
Epigenetic Principle
- Term borrowed from embryology
- Implies step-by-step growth, like the development of fetal organs
- Progresses according to a predetermined rate and sequence
- "Anything that grows has a ground plan, and out of this ground plan the parts arise, each part having its time of special ascendancy until all parts have arisen to form a functioning whole" - Erikson
Stages of Psychosocial Development
- Growth happens in stages according to the epigenetic principle
- In every stage, there's an interaction of opposing forces (conflicts) called syntonic (harmonious) and dystonic (disruptive) elements
- Each stage results in an ego quality or ego strength called a basic strength
- Insufficient basic strength results in a core pathology
- Infancy: Oral-sensory mode, basic trust vs. mistrust, basic strength: hope, core pathology: withdrawal
- Early Childhood: Anal-Urethral-Muscular mode, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, basic strength: will, core pathology: compulsion
- Play Age: Genital-Locomotor mode, initiative vs. guilt, basic strength: purpose, core pathology: inhibition
- School Age: Latency mode, industry vs. inferiority, basic strength: competence, core pathology: inertia
- Adolescence: Puberty mode, identity vs. identity confusion, basic strength: fidelity, core pathology: role repudiation
- Young Adulthood: Genitality mode, intimacy vs. isolation, basic strength: love, core pathology: exclusivity
- Adulthood: Procreativity mode, generativity vs. stagnation, basic strength: care, core pathology: rejection
- Old Age: Generalized sensuality mode, integrity vs. despair, basic strength: wisdom, core pathology: disdain
Erikson's Methods of Investigation
-
Anthropological Studies:
- 1937: Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota to understand Sioux children's apathy
- Later: Yurok nation in northern California studying salmon fishing.
- Psychohistory: combines psychoanalysis with historical analysis
Erikson's Concept of Humanity
- Less deterministic than Freud, not strongly in free choice. Somewhere in the middle
- Optimistic
- Focused on biological and social forces; not futures influences
- Mixed on conscious versus unconscious factors
- More emphasis on individual differences than universal characteristics
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore Erikson's influential theories on identity development and the concept of the identity crisis in this quiz. Learn how his ideas extend Freud's theories and emphasize social and historical influences on personality formation. Perfect for psychology enthusiasts or students studying human development.
