Erikson's Psychosocial Theory

The impact of social experience across the whole lifespan

Each stage builds on the preceding stages and paves the way for following periods of development.

Developing a psychological quality or failing to develop that quality.

Emerging with psychological strengths that will serve well for the rest of one's life.

They may not develop the essential skills needed for a strong sense of self.

The first stage, Trust vs. Mistrust (0-1 year old)

Providing adequate care and love.

The child will come to feel that they cannot trust or depend upon adults in their life.

Initiative vs. Guilt (preschool years)

Purpose

To help children develop a sense of autonomy

Industry vs. Inferiority (early school years - age 5 to 11)

They doubt their abilities to be successful

Competence

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (early childhood)

A sense of guilt, self-doubt, and lack of initiative

Cultures view and treat people of different ages in different ways.

National identity refers to a person's citizenship of a nation, and it may be stronger or weaker than their ethnic or cultural identity.

Regional identities emerge in every country, and they may carry positive, negative, real, or unreal generalizations about people living in those regions.

Spiritual identity can be more or less apparent depending on the culture and context, and it may even lead to conflicts or conflicts.

Social class identity influences how we behave and communicate towards other people, often becoming apparent when interacting with someone from a different social class.

Third Culture Kids (TCKs) refers to children who spend their formative years in places that are not their parents' homeland, often developing an identity rooted in people rather than places.

Globalization has made TCKs more common, with increasing numbers of expatriate workers, transnational marriages, and international schools.

TCKs often develop an identity that's rooted in people rather than places.

TCKs are more likely to speak more than one language and have a broader world view and be more culturally aware.

A TCK can create a sense of rootlessness and restlessness, where home is 'everywhere and nowhere.'

A letter or journal is a primary source, as it is created by someone who is the 'first person' and is an original source document.

To understand the intent and purpose behind the creation of the document.

We can tell about the author's perspectives, values, and biases from the piece.

A book commenting on a historical incident in history is a secondary source, as it is written with the benefit of hindsight and interprets or evaluates primary sources.

It helps to understand the historical context in which the document was created.

The purpose is to evaluate the document's significance and relevance, and questions should be asked such as 'What can we tell about the author from the piece?' and 'What can we tell about the time-period from the piece?'

Possibly, the personal experiences or anecdotes of individuals who have undergone Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, which could be verified through interviews or case studies.

The time period may influence the language, tone, and cultural references used in the sources, which could impact the reader's understanding of the theory.

The authors may bring their own theoretical perspectives, cultural backgrounds, or personal experiences to their explanations, which could influence the way they present the theory.

The omission of certain information could lead to a incomplete or biased understanding of the theory, and may influence the reader's ability to apply the theory to real-life situations.

The limitations of the theory include its focus on individual development, and its potential cultural and socio-economic biases, which could be addressed by considering alternative theories and perspectives.

The historical and cultural context of the theory may influence its relevance and applicability to modern societies and individuals, and may require adaptations or modifications to be effective.

The implications of the theory include its potential to inform strategies for promoting healthy development, and its relevance to fields such as education and psychology, which could be used to develop interventions and programs.

The sources may reflect or challenge dominant ideologies or power structures through their presentation of the theory, which could impact the reader's understanding of the theory and its implications.